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Keyword Reference Alphabetical

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Samuel Gomes edited this page Nov 25, 2022 · 2 revisions

INDEX

Original QBasic keywords

A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

QB64 specific keywords

_A _B _C _D _E _F _G _H _I _J _K _L _M
_N _O _P _Q _R _S _T _U _V _W _X _Y _Z

OpenGL specific keywords

_glA _glB _glC _glD _glE _glF _glG _glH _glI _glJ _glK _glL _glM
_glN _glO _glP _glQ. _glR _glS _glT _glU. _glV _glW. _glX. _glY. _glZ.

Original QBasic keywords:

These QBasic keywords (with a few noted exceptions) will work in all versions of QB64.

A

  • ABS (function) converts any negative numerical value to a positive value.
  • CALL ABSOLUTE (statement) is used to access computer interrupt registers.
  • ACCESS (file statement) sets the read and write access of a file when opened.
  • ALIAS (QB64 DECLARE LIBRARY statement) denotes the actual name of an imported FUNCTION or SUB procedure.
  • AND (logical operator) is used to compare two numerical values bitwise.
  • AND (boolean) conditional operator is used to include another evaluation in an IF...THEN or Boolean statement.
  • APPEND (file mode) creates a new file or allows an existing file to have data added using WRITE (file statement) or PRINT (file statement)
  • AS is used to denote a variable type or file number.
  • ASC (function) returns the ASCII code number of a text STRING character.
  • ASC (statement) (QB64 only) sets the code value of an ASCII text character at a designated STRING position.
  • ATN (function) or arctangent returns the angle in radians of a numerical TAN value.

B

  • BEEP (statement) creates an error sound of a fixed duration.
  • BINARY (file mode) creates or opens an existing file for GET and PUT byte-wise access.
  • BLOAD (statement) transfers the contents of a BINARY BSAVE file to a specific Arrays.
  • BSAVE (statement) transfers the contents of an Arrays to a specified size BINARY file.
  • BYVAL (statement) assigns a numerical variable value by its value, not the name.

C

  • CALL (statement) optional statement that sends the program to a SUB procedure. Requires parameters be enclosed in brackets(parenthesis).
  • CALL ABSOLUTE (statement) is used to access computer interrupt registers.
  • CASE (SELECT CASE condition) designates specific conditions in a SELECT CASE statement block.
  • CASE ELSE (SELECT CASE condition) designates an alternative condition to be evaluated in a SELECT CASE statement block.
  • CASE IS (SELECT CASE condition) designates specific conditions in a SELECT CASE statement block.
  • CDBL (function) returns the closest DOUBLE value of a number.
  • CHAIN (statement) sends a program to another specified program module or compiled program.
  • CHDIR (statement) changes the current program path for file access.
  • CHR$ (function) returns a text STRING character by the specified ASCII code number.
  • CINT (function) returns the closest INTEGER value of a numerical value.
  • CIRCLE (statement) creates a circle, ellipse or arc at a designated graphical coordinate position.
  • CLEAR (statement) sets all variable and array values to zero number values or empty STRINGs.
  • CLNG (function) returns the closest LONG value of a numerical value.
  • CLOSE (statement) closes specific file number(s) or all files when a number is not specified.
  • CLS (statement) clears a program SCREEN, VIEW port or WINDOW.
  • COLOR (statement) sets the current text foreground and/or background color to be used.
  • COMMAND$ (function) returns the command line arguments passed when a program is run.
  • COMMON (statement) sets a variable name as shared by CHAINed program modules.
  • CONST (statement) sets a variable name and its value as a constant value to be used by all procedures.
  • COS (function) returns the cosine of a radian angle value.
  • CSNG (function) returns the closest SINGLE value of a numerical value.
  • CSRLIN (function) returns the present PRINT cursor text row SCREEN coordinate position.
  • CVD (function) returns the DOUBLE numerical value of an 8 byte MKD$ STRING.
  • CVDMBF (function) returns the DOUBLE numerical value of a MKDMBF$ STRING.
  • CVI (function) returns the INTEGER numerical value of a 2 byte MKI$ STRING.
  • CVL (function) returns the LONG numerical value of a 4 byte MKL$ STRING.
  • CVS (function) returns the SINGLE numerical value of a 4 byte MKS$ STRING.
  • CVSMBF (function) returns the SINGLE numerical value of a MKSMBF$ STRING.

D

  • DATA (statement) creates a line of fixed program information separated by commas.
  • DATE$ (function) returns the present Operating System date STRING formatted as mm-dd-yyyy.
  • DATE$ (statement) sets the date of the Operating System using a mm-dd-yyyy STRING format.
  • DECLARE SUB/FUNCTION (BASIC statement) declares a SUB or FUNCTION procedure at the start of a program. Not required in QB64.
  • DECLARE LIBRARY declares a C++, SDL or Operating System SUB or FUNCTION to be used.
  • DECLARE DYNAMIC LIBRARY declares DYNAMIC, CUSTOMTYPE or STATIC library(DLL) SUB or FUNCTION.
  • DEF SEG (statement) defines a segment in memory to be accessed by a memory procedure.
  • DEFDBL (statement) defines a set of undefined variable name starting letters as DOUBLE type numerical values.
  • DEFINT (statement) defines a set of undefined variable name starting letters as INTEGER type numerical values.
  • DEFLNG (statement) defines a set of undefined variable name starting letters as LONG type numerical values.
  • DEFSNG (statement) defines a set of undefined variable name starting letters as SINGLE type numerical values.
  • DEFSTR (statement) defines a set of undefined variable name starting letters as STRING type values.
  • DIM (statement) defines a variable as a specified type and can size a STATIC array.
  • DO...LOOP (statement) sets a recursive procedure loop that can be ignored or exited using conditional arguments.
  • DOUBLE (numerical type #) 8 byte value limited to values up to 15 decimal places.
  • DRAW (statement) uses a special STRING format that draws graphical lines in specific directions.
  • $DYNAMIC (Metacommand) used at the start of a program to set all program arrays as changeable in size using REDIM.

E

  • ELSE (IF...THEN statement) is used to direct program flow when no other condition is evaluated as true.
  • ELSEIF (IF...THEN statement) is used with THEN to set alternate conditional evaluations.
  • END (statement) sets the end of a program, sub-procedure, statement block, DECLARE LIBRARY or TYPE definition.
  • IF...THEN (statement) ENDs an IF...THEN conditional block statement using more than one line of code.
  • ENVIRON (statement) temporarily sets an environmental key/pair value.
  • ENVIRON$ (function) returns a specified string setting or numerical position as an environmental STRING value.
  • EOF (file function) returns -1 when a file INPUT (file statement) or GET has reached the end of a file.
  • EQV (logic operator) is used to compare two numerical values bitwise.
  • ERASE (statement) clears the values from $STATIC arrays and completely removes $DYNAMIC arrays.
  • ERDEV (function) returns an error code from the last device to create an error.
  • ERDEV$ (function) returns the 8 character name of the last device to declare an error as a STRING.
  • ERL (error function) returns the closest line number before an error occurred if line numbers are used.
  • ERR (function) returns the ERROR Codes when a program error occurs.
  • ERROR (statement) sets a specific ERROR Code to be simulated.
  • EVERYCASE Used on SELECT CASE statement.
  • EXIT (statement) immediately exits a program FOR...NEXT, DO...LOOP, SUB or FUNCTION procedure.
  • EXP (function) returns the value of e to the exponential power specified.

F

  • FIELD (statement) defines the variable sizes to be written or read from a file.
  • FILEATTR (function) returns the current file access mode.
  • FILES (statement) returns a list of files in the current directory path to the SCREEN.
  • FIX (function) returns the rounded INTEGER value of a numerical value.
  • FOR...NEXT (statement) creates a recursive loop procedure that loop a specified number of times.
  • FOR (file statement) used in an OPEN file or device statement to indicate the access mode.
  • FRE (function) returns the number of bytes of Memory available to running programs.
  • FREE (QB64 TIMER statement) frees a numbered TIMER event in QB64.
  • FREEFILE (file function) returns a file number that is currently not in use by the Operating System.
  • FUNCTION (procedure block) sub-procedure that can calculate and return one value to a program in its name.

G

  • GET (file statement) reads a file sequentially or at a specific position and returns the value as the variable type used.
  • GET (TCP/IP statement) reads a connection port to return a value.
  • GET (graphics statement) maps an area the current SCREEN video information and places it in an INTEGER arrays.
  • GOSUB (statement) sends the program to a designated line label procedure in the main program.
  • GOTO (statement) sends the program to a designated line number or line label in a procedure.

H

  • HEX$ (function) returns the hexadecimal (base 16) STRING representation of the INTEGER part of any value.

I

  • IF...THEN (statement) a conditional block statement used control program flow.
  • IMP (logic operator) is used to compare two numerical values bitwise.
  • $INCLUDE (Metacommand) designates a text code library file to include with the program.
  • INKEY$ (function) ASCII returns a STRING value entry from the keyboard.
  • INP (function) returns a numerical value from a specified port register address. See Keyboard scancodes
  • INPUT (statement) a user input that returns a value to one or more specified variable(s).
  • INPUT (file mode) OPEN statement that only allows an existing file to be read using INPUT (file statement) or INPUT$.
  • INPUT (file statement) reads a file sequentially using the variable types designated.
  • INPUT$ (function) returns a designated number of STRING bytes from the keyboard entry or a file number.
  • INSTR (function) returns the position in a text STRING where a character sequence match starts.
  • INT (function) rounds a numerical value to an INTEGER value by removing the decimal point fraction.
  • INTEGER (% numerical type) 2 byte whole values from -32768 to 32767.
  • INTERRUPT (statement) is used to access computer interrupt registers.
  • INTERRUPTX (statement) is used to access computer interrupt registers.
  • IOCTL (statement)
  • IOCTL$ (function)

K

  • KEY n (statement) used with ON KEY(n) events to assign a "soft key" string to a key or create a user defined key.
  • KEY(n) (statement) used with ON KEY(n) events to assign, enable, disable or suspend event trapping.
  • KEY LIST (statement) lists the 12 Function key soft key string assignments going down left side of screen.
  • KILL (statement) deletes the specified file without a warning. Remove empty folders with RMDIR.

L

  • LBOUND (function) returns the lower boundary of the specified array.
  • LCASE$ (function) returns the lower case value of a STRING.
  • LEFT$ (function) returns the specified number of text characters from the left end of a STRING.
  • LEN (function) returns the length or number of characters in a STRING value in bytes.
  • LET (statement) assigns a variable a literal value. Not required.
  • LINE (statement) creates a graphic line or box on the SCREEN.
  • LINE INPUT (statement) user input can be any text character including commas and quotes as a STRING value only.
  • LINE INPUT (file statement) returns an entire text file line and returns it as a STRING value.
  • KEY LIST displays the current ON KEY(n) function key (F1 to F10) "soft key" settings.
  • LOC (function) returns the present file byte position or number of bytes in the OPEN COM buffer.
  • LOCATE (statement) sets the text cursor's row and column position for a PRINT or INPUT statement.
  • LOCK (statement) restricts access to portions or all of a file by other programs or processes.
  • LOF (function) returns the size of an OPEN file in bytes.
  • LOG (function) returns the natural logarithm of a specified numerical value
  • LONG (& numerical type) 4 byte whole values from -2147483648 to 2147483647.
  • DO...LOOP (block statement) bottom end of a recursive DO loop.
  • LPOS (function) returns the printer head position.
  • LPRINT (statement) sends STRING data to the default LPT or USB printer.
  • LPRINT USING (statement) sends template formatted text to the default LPT or USB printer.
  • LSET (statement) left justifies the text in a string so that there are no leading spaces.
  • LTRIM$ (function) returns a STRING value with no leading spaces.

M

  • MID$ (function) returns a designated portion of a STRING.
  • MID$ (statement) redefines existing characters in a STRING.
  • MKD$ (function) returns an 8 byte ASCII STRING representation of a DOUBLE numerical value.
  • MKDIR (statement) creates a new folder in the current or designated program path.
  • MKDMBF$ (function) returns an 8 byte Microsoft Binary Format STRING representation of a DOUBLE numerical value.
  • MKI$ (function) returns a 2 byte ASCII STRING representation of an INTEGER.
  • MKL$ (function) returns a 4 byte ASCII STRING representation of a LONG numerical value.
  • MKS$ (function) returns a 4 byte ASCII STRING representation of a SINGLE numerical value.
  • MKSMBF$ (function) returns an 8 byte Microsoft Binary Format STRING representation of a DOUBLE numerical value.
  • MOD (math operator) performs integer remainder division on a numerical value.

N

  • NAME (statement) names an existing file name AS a new file name.
  • NEXT (statement) bottom end of a FOR...NEXT counter loop to returns to the start or a RESUME error.
  • NOT (logical operator) inverts the value of a logic operation or returns True when a boolean evaluation is False.

O

  • OCT$ (function) returns the octal (base 8) STRING representation of the INTEGER part of any value.
  • OFF (event statement) turns off all ON event checking.
  • ON COM(n) (statement) sets up a COM port event procedure call.
  • ON ERROR (statement) sets up and activates an error event checking procedure call. Use to avoid program errors.
  • ON KEY(n) (statement) sets up a keyboard key entry event procedure.
  • ON PEN (statement) sets up a pen event procedure call.
  • ON PLAY(n) (statement) sets up a PLAY event procedure call.
  • ON STRIG(n) (statement) sets up a joystick button event procedure call.
  • ON TIMER(n) (statement) sets up a timed event procedure call.
  • ON UEVENT (statement) Not implemented in QB64.
  • ON...GOSUB (statement) sets up a numerical event procedure call.
  • ON...GOTO (statement) sets up a numerical event procedure call.
  • OPEN (file statement) opens a file name for an access mode with a specific file number.
  • OPEN COM (statement) opens a serial communication port for access at a certain speed and mode.
  • OPTION BASE (statement) can set the lower boundary of all arrays to 1.
  • OR (logic operator) is used to compare two numerical values bitwise.
  • OR (boolean) conditional operator is used to include an alternative evaluation in an IF...THEN or Boolean statement.
  • OUT (statement) writes numerical data to a specified register port.
  • OUTPUT (file mode) creates a new file or clears all data from an existing file to access the file sequentially.

P

  • PAINT (statement) fills an enclosed area of a graphics SCREEN with a color until it encounters a specific colored border.
  • PALETTE (statement) sets the Red, Green and Blue color attribute intensities using a RGB multiplier calculation.
  • PALETTE USING (statement) sets the color intensity settings using a designated arrays.
  • PCOPY (statement) swaps two designated memory page images when page swapping is enabled in the SCREEN statement.
  • PEEK (function) returns a numerical value from a specified segment address in memory.
  • PEN (function) returns requested information about the light pen device used.
  • PEN (statement) enables/disables or suspends event trapping of a light pen device.
  • PLAY(n) (function) returns the number of notes currently in the background music queue.
  • PLAY (statement) uses a special STRING format that can produce musical tones and effects.
  • PMAP (function) returns the physical or WINDOW view graphic coordinates.
  • POINT (function) returns the color attribute number or 32 bit _RGB32 value.
  • POKE (statement) writes a numerical value to a specified segment address in memory.
  • POS (function) returns the current text column position of the text cursor.
  • PRESET (statement) sets a pixel coordinate to the background color unless one is specified.
  • PRINT (statement) prints text STRING or numerical values to the SCREEN.
  • PRINT (file statement) prints text STRING or numerical values to a file.
  • PRINT USING (statement) prints a template formatted STRING to the SCREEN.
  • PRINT USING (file statement) prints a template formatted STRING to a file.
  • PSET (statement) sets a pixel coordinate to the current color unless a color is designated.
  • PUT (file I/O statement) writes data sequentially or to a designated position using a variable value.
  • PUT (TCP/IP statement) sends raw data to a user's connection handle.
  • PUT (graphics statement) places pixel data stored in an INTEGER array to a specified area of the SCREEN.

R

  • RANDOM (file mode) creates a file or opens an existing file to GET and PUT records of a set byte size.
  • RANDOMIZE (statement) sets the random seed value for a specific sequence of random RND values.
  • RANDOMIZE restarts the designated seed value's random sequence of values from the beginning.
  • READ (statement) reads values from a DATA field. ACCESS READ is used with the OPEN statement.
  • REDIM (statement) creates a new $DYNAMIC array or resizes one without losing data when _PRESERVE is used.
  • REM (statement) or an apostrophe tells the program to ignore statements following it on the same line.
  • RESET (statement) closes all files and writes the directory information to a diskette before it is removed from a disk drive.
  • RESTORE (statement) resets the DATA pointer to the start of a designated field of data.
  • RESUME (statement) an ERROR Codes handling procedure exit that can send the program to a line number or the NEXT code line.
  • RETURN (statement) returns the program to the code immediately following a GOSUB call.
  • RIGHT$ (function) returns a specific number of text characters from the right end of a STRING.
  • RMDIR (statement) removes an empty folder from the current path or the one designated.
  • RND (function) returns a random number value from 0 to .9999999.
  • RSET (statement) right justifies a string value so that any end spaces are moved to the beginning.
  • RTRIM$ (function) returns a STRING with all spaces removed from the right end.
  • RUN (statement) clears and restarts the program currently in memory or executes another specified program.

S

  • SADD (function) returns the address of a STRING variable as an offset from the current data segment.
  • SCREEN (function) can return the ASCII character code or color of the text at a text designated coordinate.
  • SCREEN (statement) sets the display mode and size of the program window.
  • SEEK (function) returns the present byte position in an OPEN file.
  • SEEK (statement) moves to a specified position in an OPEN file.
  • SELECT CASE (statement) a program flow block that can handle numerous conditional evaluations.
  • SETMEM (function) sets the memory to use.
  • SGN (function) returns -1 for negative, 0 for zero, and 1 for positive numerical values.
  • SHARED (statement) designates that a variable can be used by other procedures or the main procedure when in a sub-procedure.
  • SHELL (statement) sends STRING commands to the command line. SHELL calls will not affect the current path.
  • SHELL (function) executes an external command or calls another program. Returns codes sent by END or SYSTEM.
  • SIGNAL (OS 2 event)
  • SIN (function) returns the sine of a radian angle.
  • SINGLE (! numerical type) 4 byte floating decimal point values up to 7 decimal places.
  • SLEEP (statement) pauses the program for a designated number of seconds or until a key is pressed.
  • SOUND (statement) creates a sound of a specified frequency and duration.
  • SPACE$ (function) returns a designated number of spaces to a STRING.
  • SPC (function) moves the text cursor a number of spaces on the SCREEN.
  • SQR (function) returns the square root of a non-negative number.
  • STATIC (statement) creates a SUB or FUNCTION variable that retains its value.
  • $STATIC (Metacommand) used at the start of a program to set all program arrays as unchangeable in size using DIM.
  • STEP (keyword) move relatively from one graphic position or change the counting increment in a FOR...NEXT loop.
  • STICK (function) returns the present joystick position.
  • STOP (statement) stops a program when troubleshooting or stops an ON event.
  • STR$ (function) returns a STRING value of a number with a leading space when it is positive.
  • STRIG (function) returns the joystick button press values when read.
  • STRIG(n) (statement)
  • STRING ($ variable type) one byte text variable with ASCII code values from 0 to 255.
  • STRING$ (function) returns a designated number of string characters.
  • SUB (procedure block) sub-procedure that can calculate and return multiple parameter values.
  • SWAP (statement) swaps two STRING or numerical values.
  • SYSTEM (statement) ends a program immediately.

T

  • TAB (function) moves a designated number of columns on the SCREEN.
  • TAN (function) returns the ratio of SINe to COSine or tangent value of an angle measured in radians.
  • THEN (IF...THEN keyword) must be used in a one line IF...THEN program flow statement.
  • TIME$ (function) returns the present time setting of the Operating System as a format hh:mm:ss STRING.
  • TIMER (function) returns the number of seconds since midnight as a SINGLE value.
  • TIMER (statement) events based on the designated time interval and timer number.
  • TO indicates a range of numerical values or an assignment of one value to another.
  • TYPE (definition) defines a variable type or file record that can include any STRING or numerical types.

U

  • UBOUND (function) returns the upper-most index number of a designated arrays.
  • UCASE$ (function) returns an uppercase representation of a specified STRING.
  • UEVENT (statement) Not implemented in QB64.
  • UNLOCK (statement) unlocks a designated file or portions of it.
  • UNTIL (condition) evaluates a DO...LOOP condition until it is True.

V

  • VAL (function) returns the numerical value of a STRING number.
  • VARPTR (function) returns the segment pointer address in memory.
  • VARPTR$ (function) returns the string value of a numerical value in memory.
  • VARSEG (function) returns the segment address of a value in memory.
  • VIEW (graphics statement) sets up a graphic view port area of the SCREEN.
  • VIEW PRINT (statement) sets up a text view port area of the SCREEN.

W

  • WAIT (statement) waits until a vertical retrace is started or a SCREEN draw ends.
  • WEND (statement) the bottom end of a WHILE...WEND loop.
  • WHILE (condition) evaluates a DO...LOOP or WHILE...WEND condition until it is False.
  • WHILE...WEND (statement) sets a recursive procedure loop that can only be exited using the WHILE conditional argument.
  • WIDTH (statement) sets the text column and row sizes in several SCREEN modes.
  • WINDOW (statement) maps a window size different from the program's window size.
  • WRITE (screen I/O statement) prints variable values to the screen with commas separating each value.
  • WRITE (file statement) writes data to a file with each variable value separated by commas.

X

  • XOR (logic operator) is used to compare two numerical values bitwise.

QB64 specific keywords

Keywords beginning with underscores are QB64 specific. To use them without the prefix, use $NOPREFIX. Also note that the underscore prefix is reserved for QB64 KEYWORDS only.

_A

  • _ACCEPTFILEDROP (statement) turns a program window into a valid drop destination for dragging files from Windows Explorer.
  • _ACOS (function) arccosine function returns the angle in radians based on an input COSine value range from -1 to 1.
  • _ACOSH (function) Returns the nonnegative arc hyperbolic cosine of x, expressed in radians.
  • _ALLOWFULLSCREEN (statement) allows setting the behavior of the ALT+ENTER combo.
  • _ALPHA (function) returns the alpha channel transparency level of a color value used on a screen page or image.
  • _ALPHA32 (function) returns the alpha channel transparency level of a color value used on a 32 bit screen page or image.
  • _ASIN (function) Returns the principal value of the arc sine of x, expressed in radians.
  • _ASINH (function) Returns the arc hyperbolic sine of x, expressed in radians.
  • _ASSERT (statement) Performs debug tests.
  • $ASSERTS (metacommand) Enables the _ASSERT macro
  • _ATAN2 (function) Returns the principal value of the ATN of y/x, expressed in radians.
  • _ATANH (function) Returns the arc hyperbolic tangent of x, expressed in radians.
  • _AUTODISPLAY (statement) enables the automatic display of the screen image changes previously disabled by _DISPLAY.
  • _AUTODISPLAY (function) returns the current display mode as true (-1) if automatic or false (0) if per request using _DISPLAY.
  • _AXIS (function) returns a SINGLE value between -1 and 1 indicating the maximum distance from the device axis center, 0.

_B

  • _BACKGROUNDCOLOR (function) returns the current SCREEN background color.
  • _BIT (` numerical type) can return only signed values of 0 (bit off) and -1 (bit on). Unsigned 0 or 1.
  • _BLEND (statement) statement turns on 32 bit alpha blending for the current image or screen mode and is default.
  • _BLEND (function) returns -1 if enabled or 0 if disabled by _DONTBLEND statement.
  • _BLINK (statement) statement turns blinking colors on/off in SCREEN 0
  • _BLINK (function) returns -1 if enabled or 0 if disabled by _BLINK statement.
  • _BLUE (function) function returns the palette or the blue component intensity of a 32-bit image color.
  • _BLUE32 (function) returns the blue component intensity of a 32-bit color value.
  • _BUTTON (function) returns -1 when a controller device button is pressed and 0 when button is released.
  • _BUTTONCHANGE (function) returns -1 when a device button has been pressed and 1 when released. Zero indicates no change.
  • _BYTE (%% numerical type) can hold signed values from -128 to 127 (one byte or _BIT * 8). Unsigned from 0 to 255.

_C

  • _CAPSLOCK (function) returns -1 when Caps Lock is on
  • _CAPSLOCK (statement) sets Caps Lock key state
  • $CHECKING (QB64 C++ Metacommand) turns event error checking OFF or ON.
  • _CEIL (function) Rounds x upward, returning the smallest integral value that is not less than x.
  • _CINP (function) Returns a key code from $CONSOLE input
  • _CLEARCOLOR (function) returns the current transparent color of an image.
  • _CLEARCOLOR (statement) sets a specific color index of an image to be transparent
  • _CLIP (PUT (graphics statement) graphics option) allows placement of an image partially off of the screen.
  • _CLIPBOARD$ (function) returns the operating system's clipboard contents as a STRING.
  • _CLIPBOARD$ (statement) sets and overwrites the STRING value in the operating system's clipboard.
  • _CLIPBOARDIMAGE (function) pastes an image from the clipboard into a new QB64 image in memory.
  • _CLIPBOARDIMAGE (statement) copies a valid QB64 image to the clipboard.
  • $COLOR (metacommand) includes named color constants in a program
  • _COMMANDCOUNT (function) returns the number of arguments passed to the compiled program from the command line.
  • _CONNECTED (function) returns the status of a TCP/IP connection handle.
  • _CONNECTIONADDRESS$ (TCP/IP function) returns a connected user's STRING IP address value using the handle.
  • $CONSOLE (QB64 Metacommand) creates a console window that can be used throughout a program.
  • _CONSOLE (statement) used to turn a console window OFF or ON or to designate _DEST _CONSOLE for output.
  • _CONSOLEINPUT (function) fetches input data from a $CONSOLE window to be read later (both mouse and keyboard)
  • _CONSOLETITLE (statement) creates the title of the console window using a literal or variable STRING.
  • _CONTINUE (statement) skips the remaining lines in a control block (DO/LOOP, FOR/NEXT or WHILE/WEND)
  • _CONTROLCHR (statement) OFF allows the control characters to be used as text characters. ON (default) can use them as commands.
  • _CONTROLCHR (function) returns the current state of _CONTROLCHR as 1 when OFF and 0 when ON.
  • _COPYIMAGE (function) copies an image handle value to a new designated handle.
  • _COPYPALETTE (statement) copies the color palette intensities from one 4 or 8 BPP image to another image.
  • _CV (function) converts any _MK$ STRING value to the designated numerical type value.
  • _CWD$ (function) returns the current working directory as a STRING value.

_D

  • _D2G (function) converts degrees to gradian angle values.
  • _D2R (function) converts degrees to radian angle values.
  • $DEBUG (metacommand) enables debugging features, allowing you to step through your code line by line
  • DECLARE LIBRARY declares a C++, SDL or Operating System SUB or FUNCTION to be used.
  • DECLARE DYNAMIC LIBRARY declares DYNAMIC, CUSTOMTYPE or STATIC library (DLL) SUB or FUNCTION.
  • _DEFAULTCOLOR (function) returns the current default text color for an image handle or page.
  • _DEFINE (statement) defines a range of variable names according to their first character as a data type.
  • _DEFLATE$ (function) compresses a string
  • _DELAY (statement) suspends program execution for a SINGLE number of seconds.
  • _DEPTHBUFFER (statement) enables, disables, locks or clears depth buffering.
  • _DESKTOPHEIGHT (function) returns the height of the desktop (not program window).
  • _DESKTOPWIDTH (function) returns the width of the desktop (not program window).
  • _DEST (statement) sets the current write image or SCREEN page destination for prints or graphics.
  • _DEST (function) returns the current destination screen page or image handle value.
  • _DEVICE$ (function) returns a STRING expression listing a designated numbered input device name and types of input.
  • _DEVICEINPUT (function) returns the _DEVICES number of an _AXIS, _BUTTON or _WHEEL event.
  • _DEVICES (function) returns the number of input devices found on a computer system including the keyboard and mouse.
  • _DIR$ (function) returns common paths in Windows only, like My Documents, My Pictures, My Music, Desktop.
  • _DIREXISTS (function) returns -1 if the Directory folder name STRING parameter exists. Zero if it does not.
  • _DISPLAY (statement) turns off the _AUTODISPLAY while only displaying the screen changes when called.
  • _DISPLAY (function) returns the handle of the current image that is displayed on the screen.
  • _DISPLAYORDER (statement) designates the order to render software, hardware and custom-opengl-code.
  • _DONTBLEND (statement) statement turns off default _BLEND 32 bit _ALPHA blending for the current image or screen.
  • _DONTWAIT (SHELL action) specifies that the program should not wait until the shelled command/program is finished.
  • _DROPPEDFILE (function) returns the list of items (files or folders) dropped in a program's window after _ACCEPTFILEDROP is enabled.

_E

  • _ECHO (statement) used in conjunction with $IF for the pre-compiler.
  • $ELSE (Pre-Compiler Metacommand) used in conjunction with $IF for the pre-compiler.
  • $ELSEIF (Pre-Compiler Metacommand) used in conjunction with $IF for the pre-compiler.
  • $END IF (Pre-Compiler Metacommand) used in conjunction with $IF for the pre-compiler.
  • $ERROR (precompiler metacommand) used to trigger compiler errors.
  • _ERRORLINE (function) returns the source code line number that caused the most recent runtime error.
  • _ERRORMESSAGE$ (function) returns a human-readable message describing the most recent runtime error.
  • $EXEICON (Pre-Compiler Metacommand) used with a .ICO icon file name to embed the image into the QB64 executable.
  • _EXIT (function) prevents a user exit and indicates if a user has clicked the close X window button or CTRL + BREAK.

_F

  • _FILEEXISTS (function) returns -1 if the file name STRING parameter exists. Zero if it does not.
  • _FINISHDROP (statement) resets _TOTALDROPPEDFILES and clears the _DROPPEDFILE list of items (files/folders).
  • _FLOAT (numerical type ##) offers the maximum floating-point decimal precision available using QB64.
  • _FONT (statement) sets the current font handle to be used by PRINT or _PRINTSTRING.
  • _FONT (function) creates a new font handle from a designated image handle.
  • _FONTHEIGHT (function) returns the current text or font height.
  • _FONTWIDTH (function) returns the current text or font width.
  • _FREEFONT (statement) releases the current font handle from memory.
  • _FREEIMAGE (statement) releases a designated image handle from memory.
  • _FREETIMER (function) returns an unused timer number value to use with ON TIMER(n).
  • _FULLSCREEN (statement) sets the program window to full screen or OFF. Alt + Enter does it manually.
  • _FULLSCREEN (function) returns the fullscreen mode in use by the program.

_G

  • _G2D (function) converts gradian to degree angle values.
  • _G2R (function) converts gradian to radian angle values.
  • _GLRENDER (statement) sets whether context is displayed, on top of or behind the software rendering.
  • _GREEN (function) function returns the palette or the green component intensity of a 32-bit image color.
  • _GREEN32 (function) returns the green component intensity of a 32-bit color value.

_H

  • _HEIGHT (function) returns the height of a designated image handle.
  • _HIDE (SHELL action) hides the command line display during a shell.
  • _HYPOT (function) Returns the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle whose legs are x and y.

_I

  • $IF (Pre-Compiler Metacommand) used to set an IF condition for the precompiler.
  • _ICON (statement) designates a _LOADIMAGE image file handle to be used as the program's icon or loads the embedded icon (see $EXEICON).
  • _INCLERRORFILE$ {function) returns the name of the original source code $INCLUDE module that caused the most recent error.
  • _INCLERRORLINE (function) returns the line number in an included file that caused the most recent error.
  • _INFLATE$ (function) decompresses a string
  • _INSTRREV (function) allows searching for a substring inside another string, but unlike INSTR it returns the last occurrence instead of the first one.
  • _INTEGER64 (&& numerical type) can hold whole numerical values from -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807.

_K

  • _KEYCLEAR (statement) clears the keyboard buffers for INKEY$, _KEYHIT, and INP.
  • _KEYHIT (function) returns ASCII one and two byte, SDL Virtual Key and Unicode keyboard key press codes.
  • _KEYDOWN (function) returns whether CTRL, ALT, SHIFT, combinations and other keys are pressed.

_L

  • $LET (Pre-Compiler Metacommand) used to set a flag variable for the precompiler.
  • _LASTAXIS (function) returns the number of axis available on a specified number device listed by _DEVICE$.
  • _LASTBUTTON (function) returns the number of buttons available on a specified number device listed by _DEVICE$.
  • _LASTWHEEL (function) returns the number of scroll wheels available on a specified number device listed by _DEVICE$.
  • _LIMIT (statement) sets the loops per second rate to slow down loops and limit CPU usage.
  • _LOADFONT (function) designates a _FONT TTF file to load and returns a handle value.
  • _LOADIMAGE (function) designates an image file to load and returns a handle value.

_M

  • _MAPTRIANGLE (statement) maps a triangular image source area to put on a destination area.
  • _MAPUNICODE (statement) maps a Unicode value to an ASCII code number.
  • _MAPUNICODE (function) returns the Unicode (UTF32) code point value of a mapped ASCII character code.
  • _MEM (function) returns _MEM block referring to the largest continuous memory region beginning at a designated variable's offset.
  • _MEM (variable type) contains read only dot elements for the OFFSET, SIZE, TYPE and ELEMENTSIZE of a block of memory.
  • _MEMCOPY (statement) copies a value from a designated OFFSET and SIZE TO a block of memory at a designated OFFSET.
  • _MEMELEMENT (function) returns a _MEM block referring to a variable's memory (but not past it).
  • _MEMEXISTS (function) verifies that a memory block exists for a memory variable name or returns zero.
  • _MEMFILL (statement) fills a designated memory block OFFSET with a certain SIZE and TYPE of value.
  • _MEMFREE (statement) frees a designated memory block in a program. Only free memory blocks once.
  • _MEMGET (statement) reads a value from a designated memory block at a designated OFFSET
  • _MEMGET (function) returns a value from a designated memory block and OFFSET using a designated variable TYPE.
  • _MEMIMAGE (function) returns a _MEM block referring to a designated image handle's memory
  • _MEMNEW (function) allocates new memory with a designated SIZE and returns a _MEM block referring to it.
  • _MEMPUT (statement) places a designated value into a designated memory block OFFSET
  • _SCREENMOVE (_SCREENMOVE parameter) centers the program window on the desktop in any screen resolution.
  • _MK$ (function) converts a numerical value to a designated ASCII STRING value.
  • _MOUSEBUTTON (function) returns the status of a designated mouse button.
  • _MOUSEHIDE (statement) hides the mouse pointer from view
  • _MOUSEINPUT (function) returns a value if the mouse status has changed since the last read.
  • _MOUSEMOVE (statement) moves the mouse pointer to a designated position on the program SCREEN.
  • _MOUSEMOVEMENTX (function) returns the relative horizontal position of the mouse cursor compared to the previous position.
  • _MOUSEMOVEMENTY (function) returns the relative vertical position of the mouse cursor compared to the previous position.
  • _MOUSEPIPEOPEN (function) creates a pipe handle value for a mouse when using a virtual keyboard.
  • _MOUSESHOW (statement) displays the mouse cursor after it has been hidden or can change the cursor shape.
  • _MOUSEWHEEL (function) returns the number of mouse scroll wheel "clicks" since last read.
  • _MOUSEX (function) returns the current horizontal position of the mouse cursor.
  • _MOUSEY (function) returns the current vertical position of the mouse cursor.

_N

  • _NEWIMAGE (function) creates a designated size program SCREEN or page image and returns a handle value.
  • $NOPREFIX (metacommand) allows QB64-specific keywords to be used without the underscore prefix.
  • _NUMLOCK (function) returns -1 when Num Lock is on
  • _NUMLOCK (statement) sets Num Lock key state

_O

  • _OFFSET (function) returns the memory offset of a variable when used with DECLARE LIBRARY or _MEM only.
  • _OFFSET (%& numerical type) can be used store the value of an offset in memory when using DECLARE LIBRARY or MEM only.
  • _OPENCLIENT (TCP/IP function) connects to a Host on the Internet as a Client and returns the Client status handle.
  • _OPENCONNECTION (TCP/IP function) open's a connection from a client that the host has detected and returns a status handle.
  • _OPENHOST (TCP/IP function) opens a Host and returns a Host status handle.
  • OPTION _EXPLICIT (Pre-compiler directive) instructs the compiler to require variable declaration with DIM or an equivalent statement.
  • OPTION _EXPLICITARRAY (Pre-compiler directive) instructs the compiler to require array declaration with DIM or an equivalent statement.
  • _OS$ (function) returns the QB64 compiler version in which the program was compiled as [WINDOWS], [LINUX] or [MACOSX] and [32BIT] or [64BIT].

_P

  • _PALETTECOLOR (statement) sets the color value of a palette entry of an image using 256 colors or less palette modes.
  • _PALETTECOLOR (function) return the 32 bit attribute color setting of an image or screen page handle's palette.
  • _PI (function) returns the value of π or parameter multiples for angle or CIRCLE calculations.
  • _PIXELSIZE (function) returns the pixel palette mode of a designated image handle.
  • _PRESERVE (REDIM action) preserves the data presently in an array when REDIM is used.
  • _PRINTIMAGE (statement) sends an image to the printer that is stretched to the current printer paper size.
  • _PRINTMODE (statement) sets the text or _FONT printing mode on a background when using PRINT or _PRINTSTRING.
  • _PRINTMODE (function) returns the present _PRINTMODE value number.
  • _PRINTSTRING (statement) locates and prints a text STRING using graphic coordinates.
  • _PRINTWIDTH (function) returns the pixel width of a text string to be printed using _PRINTSTRING.
  • _PUTIMAGE (statement) maps a rectangular image source area to an image destination area.

_R

  • _R2D (function) converts radians to degree angle values.
  • _R2G (function) converts radians to gradian angle values.
  • _RED (function) function returns the palette or the red component intensity of a 32-bit image color.
  • _RED32 (function) returns the red component intensity of a 32-bit color value.
  • _READBIT (function) returns the state of the specified bit of an integer variable.
  • _RESETBIT (function) is used to set the specified bit of an integer variable to 0.
  • $RESIZE (Metacommand) used with ON allows a user to resize the program window where OFF does not.
  • _RESIZE (statement) sets resizing of the window ON or OFF and sets the method as _STRETCH or _SMOOTH.
  • _RESIZE (function) returns -1 when a program user wants to resize the program screen.
  • _RESIZEHEIGHT (function) returns the requested new user screen height when $RESIZE:ON allows it.
  • _RESIZEWIDTH (function) returns the requested new user screen width when $RESIZE:ON allows it.
  • _RGB (function) returns the closest palette index OR the LONG 32 bit color value in 32 bit screens.
  • _RGB32 (function) returns the LONG 32 bit color value in 32 bit screens only
  • _RGBA (function) returns the closest palette index OR the LONG 32 bit color value in 32 bit screens with the ALPHA
  • _RGBA32 (function) returns the LONG 32 bit color value in 32 bit screens only with the ALPHA
  • _ROUND (function) rounds to the closest INTEGER, LONG or _INTEGER64 numerical value.

_S

  • _SCREENCLICK (statement) simulates clicking on a point on the desktop screen with the left mouse button.
  • _SCREENEXISTS (function) returns a -1 value once a screen has been created.
  • $SCREENHIDE QB64 Metacommand hides the program window from view.
  • _SCREENHIDE (statement) hides the program window from view.
  • _SCREENICON (function) returns -1 or 0 to indicate if the window has been minimized to an icon on the taskbar.
  • _SCREENICON (statement) minimizes the program window to an icon on the taskbar.
  • _SCREENIMAGE (function) creates an image of the current desktop and returns an image handle.
  • _SCREENMOVE (statement) positions program window on the desktop using designated coordinates or the _MIDDLE option.
  • _SCREENPRINT (statement) simulates typing text into a Windows program using the keyboard.
  • $SCREENSHOW (QB64 Metacommand) displays that program window after it was hidden by $SCREENHIDE.
  • _SCREENSHOW (statement) displays the program window after it has been hidden by _SCREENHIDE.
  • _SCREENX (function) returns the program window's upper left corner horizontal position on the desktop.
  • _SCREENY (function) returns the program window's upper left corner vertical position on the desktop.
  • _SCROLLLOCK (function) returns -1 when Scroll Lock is on
  • _SCROLLLOCK (statement) sets Scroll Lock key state
  • _SETALPHA (statement) sets the alpha channel transparency level of some or all of the pixels of an image.
  • _SETBIT (function) is used to set the specified bit of an integer variable to 1.
  • _SHELLHIDE (function) returns the code sent by a program exit using END or SYSTEM followed by an INTEGER value.
  • _SHL (function) used to shift the bits of a numerical value to the left
  • _SHR (function) used to shift the bits of a numerical value to the right.
  • Mathematical Operations (function) Returns the hyperbolic sine of x radians.
  • _SNDBAL (statement) attempts to set the balance or 3D position of a sound file.
  • _SNDCLOSE (statement) frees and unloads an open sound using the sound handle created by _SNDOPEN.
  • _SNDCOPY (function) copies a sound handle value to a new designated handle.
  • _SNDGETPOS (function) returns the current playing position in seconds from a sound file.
  • _SNDLEN (function) returns the length of a sound in seconds from a sound file.
  • _SNDLIMIT (statement) stops playing a sound after it has been playing for a set number of seconds.
  • _SNDLOOP (statement) plays a sound repeatedly until _SNDSTOP is used.
  • _SNDOPEN (function) loads a sound file and returns a sound handle.
  • _SNDOPENRAW (function) opens a new channel to shove _SNDRAW content into without mixing.
  • _SNDPAUSE (statement) stops playing a sound file until resumed.
  • _SNDPAUSED (function) returns the current pause status of a sound file handle.
  • _SNDPLAY (statement) plays a sound file handle that was created by _SNDOPEN or _SNDCOPY.
  • _SNDPLAYCOPY (statement) copies a sound handle, plays it and automatically closes the copy when done.
  • _SNDPLAYFILE (statement) directly plays a designated sound file.
  • _SNDPLAYING (function) returns the current playing status of a sound handle.
  • _SNDRATE (function) returns the sound card sample rate to set _SNDRAW durations.
  • _SNDRAW (statement) creates mono or stereo sounds from calculated wave frequency values.
  • _SNDRAWDONE (statement) pads a _SNDRAW stream so the final (partially filled) buffer section is played.
  • _SNDRAWLEN (function) returns a value until the _SNDRAW buffer is empty.
  • _SNDSETPOS (statement) sets the playing position of a sound handle.
  • _SNDSTOP (statement) stops playing a sound handle.
  • _SNDVOL (statement) sets the volume of a sound file handle.
  • _SOURCE (statement) sets the source image handle.
  • _SOURCE (function) returns the present source image handle value.
  • _STARTDIR$ (function) returns the user's program calling path as a STRING.
  • _STRCMP (function) compares the relationship between two strings.
  • _STRICMP (function) compares the relationship between two strings, without regard for case-sensitivity.

_T

_U

_V

_W

  • _WHEEL (function) returns -1 when a control device wheel is scrolled up and 1 when scrolled down. Zero indicates no activity.
  • _WIDTH (function) returns the width of a SCREEN or image handle.
  • _WINDOWHANDLE (function) returns the window handle assigned to the current program by the OS. Windows-only.
  • _WINDOWHASFOCUS (function) returns true (-1) if the current program's window has focus. Windows-only.

OpenGL specific keywords

All QB64 OpenGL keywords must use the underscore _gl prefix with the alphabetically listed function names.

Use $NOPREFIX to enable these to be used without the leading underscore.

Important: See SUB _GL

_glA

_glB

_glC

_glD

_glE

_glF

_glG

_glH

  • _glHint (statement) OpenGL command

_glI

_glL

_glM

_glN

_glO

_glP

_glR

_glS

_glT

_glV

Symbols

QB64 and QB Symbols

Note: All symbols below can also be used inside of literal quoted strings except for quotation marks.

Print, Input or File Formatting

Program Code Markers

Variable Name Type Suffixes

  • STRING text character type: 1 byte
  • SINGLE floating decimal point numerical type (4 bytes)
  • DOUBLE floating decimal point numerical type (8 bytes)
  • _FLOAT QB64 decimal point numerical type (32 bytes)
  • _UNSIGNED QB64 INTEGER positive numerical type when it precedes the 6 numerical suffixes below:
  • INTEGER INTEGER numerical type (2 bytes)
  • LONG INTEGER numerical type (4 bytes}
  • _INTEGER64 QB64 INTEGER numerical type (8 bytes)
  • _BIT QB64 INTEGER numerical type (1 bit) (Key below tilde (~) or CHR$(96))
  • _BYTE QB64 INTEGER numerical type (1 byte)
  • _OFFSET QB64 INTEGER numerical pointer address type (any byte size required)

Numerical Base Prefixes

  • &B Base 2: Digits 0 or 1 [QB64]
  • &O Base 8: Digits 0 to 7
  • &H Base 16: Digits 0 to F

Mathematical Operations

  • + operator or sign
  • - operator or sign
  • * operator
  • / (floating decimal point) operator
  • \ operator
  • ^ operator
  • MOD operator

Relational Operations

References

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