常见算法思想：

a) 贪心       greedy
    限制值、期望值、贡献度
    在限制值范围内，同等贡献度情况下，尽可能的满足期望值

b) 分治       divide and conquer
    分而治之
    问题可分解多个子问题，且子问题没有传递性，合并子问题不复杂情况下使用

c) 回溯       backtracking
    类似枚举、几乎能解决所有问题
    分多个阶段决策，每阶段处理多种策略，通过剪枝或备忘录方式优化代码

d) 动态规划    dynamic programming
    多阶段决策最优解模型、(最有子结构、无后效应、重复则问题)
    学习方式：
        1.实现回溯思想代码
        2.画树形递归函数
        3.总结DP状态（定义状态、状态转移方程、边界条件）
        4.画状态转移表
        5.根据状态转移表写代码

算法网站:

中文: https://leetcode-cn.com
英文: https://leetcode.com

复杂度(O):

http://bigocheatsheet.com/

时间复杂度:
    1.常数、系数、底数可忽略（大O表示随着规模的增长，时间维度的趋势）
    2.最高规模: 多行代码只计算最大执行次数行
    3.乘法方式: 嵌套循环（包括相同规模或不同规模）递归调用
    4.加法方式: 不同规模串行代码书写方式
空间复杂度:
    1.最高规模

递归模板:

recursion(level, param1,param2,...) :

  # recursion terminator
  if level > maxLevel:
      print_result
      return

  # precess logic in current level
  process_data(level,data ...)

  # drill down
  self.recursion(level+1,p1,...)

  # reverse the current level status if needed (此处是已经处理完[level+1]层，然后做的一些收尾逻辑)
  reverse_state(level)

分治模板:

divide_conquer(problem, param1,param2,...) :

  # recursion terminator
  if problem is None:
      print_result
      return

  # prepare data
  data = prepare_data(problem)
  subproblem = split_problem(problem,data)

  #conquer subproblem
  subresult1 = self.divide_conquer(subproblem[0],p1,...)
  subresult2 = self.divide_conquer(subproblem[1],p1,...)
  subresult3 = self.divide_conquer(subproblem[2],p1,...)
  ...

  # process and generate the final result
  result = process(subresult1,subresult2,subresult3,...)

二分查找模板:

binary_search(data,left,right,target) :
  
  loop left<=right : 
    mid = left + ((right-left)>>>1)
    if data[mid] == target :
      return mid
    elsif data[mid] < target :
      left = mid + 1
    els
      right = mid - 1
      
  return -1

动态规划习题:

1. https://leetcode.com/problems/climbing-stairs/description/
2. https://leetcode.com/problems/triangle/description/
3. https://leetcode.com/problems/maximum-product-subarray/description/
4. https://leetcode.com/problems/best-time-to-buy-and-sell-stock/#/description
5. https://leetcode.com/problems/best-time-to-buy-and-sell-stock-ii/
6. https://leetcode.com/problems/best-time-to-buy-and-sell-stock-iii/
7. https://leetcode.com/problems/best-time-to-buy-and-sell-stock-iv/
8. https://leetcode.com/problems/best-time-to-buy-and-sell-stock-with-cooldown/
9. https://leetcode.com/problems/best-time-to-buy-and-sell-stock-with-transaction-fee/
10.https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-increasing-subsequence 
11.https://leetcode.com/problems/coin-change/ 
12.https://leetcode.com/problems/edit-distance/