Support string prefix parsing

This adds support for parsing json from the prefix of a string. It
does so via two small api additions:

- Deserializer now has the `into_reader` associated function, which
  consume the deserializer and returns reader it has been using.

- StrRead and SliceRead now have the `index` assocaited function,
  which reports the byte index of the data which will be read next.

These can be used to parse a single value (or multiple values) from
an input string or buffer, and then recover the next byte position
from the reader. It allows the json parser to be easily integrated
into an outer parser, where the JSON data is sitting inside some
larger non-JSON context.

src/de.rs

@@ -60,6 +60,11 @@ where
             disable_recursion_limit: false,
         }
     }
+
+    /// Consume the deserializer and return its inner reader.
+    pub fn into_reader(self) -> R {
+        self.read
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]

src/read.rs

@@ -412,6 +412,11 @@ impl<'a> SliceRead<'a> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Get the byte index of the data that will be read next
+    pub fn index(&self) -> usize {
+        self.index
+    }
+
     fn position_of_index(&self, i: usize) -> Position {
         let mut position = Position { line: 1, column: 0 };
         for ch in &self.slice[..i] {
@@ -623,6 +628,11 @@ impl<'a> StrRead<'a> {
             data: s,
         }
     }
+
+    /// Get the byte index of the data that will be read next
+    pub fn index(&self) -> usize {
+        self.delegate.index()
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'a> private::Sealed for StrRead<'a> {}

tests/test.rs

@@ -2407,3 +2407,22 @@ fn hash_positive_and_negative_zero() {
         assert_eq!(hash(k1), hash(k2));
     }
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_string_prefix() {
+    #[derive(PartialEq, Deserialize, Debug)]
+    struct S {
+        a: u32
+    }
+
+    let data = "{\"a\": 42} tail";
+
+    let mut de = serde_json::Deserializer::from_str(data);
+    let val = S::deserialize(&mut de).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(val, S { a: 42 });
+
+    let str_read = de.into_reader();
+    let tail = &data[(str_read.index()..)];
+    assert_eq!(tail, " tail");
+}