Rewrite groups guide from HAML to Markdown (#1061)

Signed-off-by: Takuya Noguchi <[email protected]>

source/guides/groups.html.md

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+---
+title: How to manage groups of gems
+---
+
+## How to manage groups of gems
+
+Grouping your dependencies allows you
+to perform operations on the entire
+group.
+
+~~~ruby
+# These gems are in the :default group
+gem 'nokogiri'
+gem 'sinatra'
+
+gem 'wirble', group: :development
+
+group :test do
+  gem 'faker'
+  gem 'rspec'
+end
+
+group :test, :development do
+  gem 'capybara'
+  gem 'rspec-rails'
+end
+
+gem 'cucumber', group: [:cucumber, :test]
+~~~
+
+Configure bundler so that subsequent
+`bundle install` invokations will install
+all gems, except those in the listed
+groups. Gems in at least one non-excluded
+group will still be installed.
+
+~~~
+$ bundle config set --local without test development
+~~~
+
+Require the gems in particular groups,
+noting that gems outside of a named group
+are in the :default group
+
+~~~ruby
+Bundler.require(:default, :development)
+~~~
+
+Require the default gems, plus the gems
+in a group named the same as the current
+Rails environment
+
+~~~ruby
+Bundler.require(:default, Rails.env)
+~~~
+
+Restrict the groups of gems that you
+want to add to the load path. Only gems
+in these groups will be require'able.
+Note though that `Bundler.setup` can be
+called only once, all subsequent calls are
+no-op. In particular, since running a
+script through `bundle exec` already calls
+`Bundler.setup`, any later calls inside
+your user code will be ignored. In order to
+control the groups that are loaded by
+`bundle exec` you can use the `BUNDLE_WITH`
+and `BUNDLE_WITHOUT` configurations.
+
+~~~ruby
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'bundler'
+Bundler.setup(:default, :ci)
+require 'nokogiri'
+~~~
+
+<a href="./bundler_setup.html" class="btn btn-primary">Learn More: Bundler.setup</a>
+
+## Optional groups and `BUNDLE_WITH`
+<a name="optional-groups"></a>
+
+Mark a group as optional using `group :name, optional: true do` and then opt
+into installing an optional group with `bundle config set --local with name`.
+
+## Grouping your dependencies
+<a name="grouping-your-dependencies"></a>
+
+You'll sometimes have groups of gems that only make sense in particular environments.
+For instance, you might develop your app (at an early stage) using SQLite but deploy it
+using `mysql2` or `pg`. In this example, you might not have MySQL
+or Postgres installed on your development machine and want bundler to skip it.
+
+To do this, you can group your dependencies:
+
+~~~ruby
+source 'https://rubygems.org'
+
+gem 'rails', '3.2.2'
+gem 'rack-cache', require: 'rack/cache'
+gem 'nokogiri', '~> 1.4.2'
+
+group :development do
+  gem 'sqlite3'
+end
+
+group :production do
+  gem 'pg'
+end
+~~~
+
+Now, in development, you can instruct bundler to skip the `production` group:
+
+~~~
+$ bundle config set --local without production
+~~~
+
+Bundler stores the flag in `APP_ROOT/.bundle/config` and the
+next time you run `bundle install`, it will skip production gems.
+Similarly, when you require `bundler/setup`, Bundler will ignore gems in
+these groups. You can see all of the settings that Bundler saved there
+by running `bundle config`, which will also print out global
+settings (stored in `~/.bundle/config`) and settings set via
+environment variables.  For more information on configuring Bundler,
+please see: [bundle_config](/man/bundle-config.1.html)
+
+You can also specify which groups to automatically require through the parameters to
+`Bundler.require`. The `:default` group includes all gems not
+listed under any group. If you call `Bundler.require(:default, :development)`,
+bundler will `require` all the gems in the `:default` group as
+well as the gems in the `:development` group.
+
+By default, a Rails generated app calls `Bundler.require(:default,
+Rails.env)` in your `application.rb`, which links the groups in your
+`Gemfile` to the Rails environment. If you use other groups (not linked to a
+Rails environment), you can add them to the call to `Bundler.require` if you
+want them to be automatically required.
+
+Remember that you can always leave groups of gems out of `Bundler.require`
+and then require them manually using Ruby's `require` at the appropriate
+place in your app. You might do this because requiring a certain gem takes some time
+and you don't need it every time you boot your application.