[Core] Improve logging during accelerator auto-detection

[HenryZJY]

Why are these changes needed?

This PR improves the user experience during accelerator auto-detection. Currently errors from accelerator autodetection are suppressed. With the changes in this PR, if a user specifies accelerator(s) as part of available resources (for example, ray.init(num_gpus=3)), and that resource encounters errors during auto-detection, an error message will be logged.

I also added an additional check in resource_spec.py which adds an entry to logger if raylet wants a certain number of accelerators but visible accelerator id is None.

Related issue number

Closes #43328

Checks

• I've signed off every commit(by using the -s flag, i.e., git commit -s) in this PR.
• I've run scripts/format.sh to lint the changes in this PR.
• I've included any doc changes needed for https://docs.ray.io/en/master/.
  • I've added any new APIs to the API Reference. For example, if I added a
    method in Tune, I've added it in doc/source/tune/api/ under the
    corresponding .rst file.
• I've made sure the tests are passing. Note that there might be a few flaky tests, see the recent failures at https://flakey-tests.ray.io/
• Testing Strategy
  • Unit tests
  • Release tests
  • This PR is not tested :(