In this tutorial we will walk through the basic setup and use of Ionic's Identity Vault in an @ionic/angular application.
:::note The source code for the Ionic application created in this tutorial can be found here :::
The most common use case of Identity Vault is to connect to a back end service and store user session data. For the purpose of this tutorial, the application we build will not connect to an actual service. Instead, the application will store information that the user enters.
The work done in this tutorial will be concentrated on a couple of files:
-
src/app/vault.service.ts: An Angular service that abstracts the logic associated with using Identity Vault. Methods and properties here model what might be done in a real application. -
src/app/home/home.page.ts: The main view will have several form controls that allow the user to manipulate the vault. An application would not typically do this. Rather, it would call the methods fromvault-service.tswithin various workflows. In this "getting started" demo application, however, this allows us to easily play around with the various APIs to see how they behave.
The first step to take is to generate our application:
ionic start getting-started-iv-angular blank --type=angular --capacitorNow that the application has been generated let's add the iOS and Android platforms.
Open the capacitor.config.ts file and change the appId to something unique like io.ionic.gettingstartedivangular:
import { CapacitorConfig } from "@capacitor/cli";
const config: CapacitorConfig = {
appId: "io.ionic.gettingstartedivangular",
appName: "getting-started-iv-angular",
webDir: "www",
bundledWebRuntime: false,
};
export default config;Next, build the application and install and create the platforms:
npm run build
ionic cap add android
ionic cap add iosFinally, in order to ensure that the web application bundle is copied over each build, add cap copy to the build script in the package.json file:
"scripts": {
"build": "ng build && cap copy",
...
},In order to install Identity Vault you will need to use ionic enterprise register to register your product key. This will create a .npmrc file containing the product key.
If you have already performed that step for your production application, you can just copy the .npmrc file from your production project. Since this application is for learning purposes only, you don't need to obtain another key.
You can now install Identity Vault. If you are using Cordova then run:
ionic cordova plugin add @ionic-enterprise/identity-vault If you are using Capacitor then:
npm install @ionic-enterprise/identity-vault
npx cap syncIn this step, we will create the vault and test it by storing and retrieving a value from it. This value will be called session, since storing session data in a vault is the most common use case of Identity Vault. However, it is certainly not the only use case.
First, use the Ionic CLI to generate a service file named src/app/vault.service.ts:
ionic generate service vaultWithin this file we will create an Angular service that defines the vault and methods that abstract all of the logic we need in order to interact with the vault:
import { Injectable } from "@angular/core";
import { Capacitor } from "@capacitor/core";
import {
Vault,
Device,
DeviceSecurityType,
VaultType,
BrowserVault,
IdentityVaultConfig,
} from "@ionic-enterprise/identity-vault";
import { Platform } from "@ionic/angular";
const config: IdentityVaultConfig = {
key: "io.ionic.getstartedivangular",
type: VaultType.SecureStorage,
deviceSecurityType: DeviceSecurityType.None,
lockAfterBackgrounded: 2000,
shouldClearVaultAfterTooManyFailedAttempts: true,
customPasscodeInvalidUnlockAttempts: 2,
unlockVaultOnLoad: false,
};
const key = "sessionData";
export interface VaultServiceState {
session: string;
}
@Injectable({ providedIn: "root" })
export class VaultService {
public state: VaultServiceState = {
session: "",
};
vault: Vault | BrowserVault;
constructor(private platform: Platform) {
this.init();
}
async init() {
await this.platform.ready(); // This is required only for Cordova
this.vault =
Capacitor.getPlatform() === "web"
? new BrowserVault(config)
: new Vault(config);
}
async setSession(value: string): Promise<void> {
this.state.session = value;
await this.vault.setValue(key, value);
}
async restoreSession() {
const value = await this.vault.getValue(key);
this.state.session = value;
}
}:::note
Constructors cannot contain the await keyword. To get around this we are asynchronously calling the init method. At the moment this method does not have asynchronous methods but it soon will.
:::
Let's look at this file section by section:
The first thing we do is define a configuration for our vault. The key gives the vault a name. The other properties provide a default behavior for our vault. As we shall see later, the configuration can be changed as we use the vault.
const config: IdentityVaultConfig = {
key: "io.ionic.getstartedivangular",
type: VaultType.SecureStorage,
deviceSecurityType: DeviceSecurityType.None,
lockAfterBackgrounded: 2000,
shouldClearVaultAfterTooManyFailedAttempts: true,
customPasscodeInvalidUnlockAttempts: 2,
unlockVaultOnLoad: false,
};Next, we define a key for storing data. All data within the vault is stored as a key-value pair and you can store multiple key-value pairs within a single vault.
const key = "sessionData";Then, we create an Angular service that creates our vault.
@Injectable({ providedIn: "root" })
export class VaultService {
public state: VaultServiceState = {
session: "",
};
vault: Vault | BrowserVault;
constructor(private platform: Platform) {
this.init();
}
async init() {
await this.platform.ready(); // This is required only for Cordova
this.vault =
Capacitor.getPlatform() === "web"
? new BrowserVault(config)
: new Vault(config);
}
async setSession(value: string): Promise<void> {
this.state.session = value;
await this.vault.setValue(key, value);
}
async restoreSession() {
const value = await this.vault.getValue(key);
this.state.session = value;
}
}The service additionally contains a state property that will be used to reflect the current session data to the outside world. It also contains methods that are used to store and restore our session.
:::note
It's recommended to abstract vault functionality into functions that define how the rest of the application should interact with the vault instead of directly returning the vault instance. This creates more maintainable and debuggable code, while preventing the rest of the code from being exposed to potential API changes and reduces the chance of duplicating code.
:::
Note that we are using the BrowserVault class when the application is running on the web. The BrowserVault allows us to continue to use our normal web-based development workflow.
this.vault =
Capacitor.getPlatform() === "web"
? new BrowserVault(config)
: new Vault(config);:::note
The BrowserVault class allows developers to use their normal web-based development workflow. It does not provide locking or security functionality.
:::
Now that we have the vault in place, let's switch over to src/home/home.page.ts and implement some simple interactions with the vault. Here is a snapshot of what we will change:
Update the template to match the following code:
<ion-header [translucent]="true">
<ion-toolbar>
<ion-title> Blank </ion-title>
</ion-toolbar>
</ion-header>
<ion-content [fullscreen]="true">
<ion-header collapse="condense">
<ion-toolbar>
<ion-title size="large">Blank</ion-title>
</ion-toolbar>
</ion-header>
<ion-list>
<ion-item>
<ion-label position="floating">Enter the "session" data</ion-label>
<ion-input [(ngModel)]="state.session"></ion-input>
</ion-item>
<ion-item>
<ion-label>
<ion-button expand="block" (click)="setSession(state.session)">
Set Session Data
</ion-button>
</ion-label>
</ion-item>
<ion-item>
<ion-label>
<ion-button expand="block" (click)="restoreSession()">
Restore Session Data
</ion-button>
</ion-label>
</ion-item>
<ion-item>
<ion-label>
<div>Session Data: {{ state.session }}</div>
</ion-label>
</ion-item>
</ion-list>
</ion-content>Update src/app/home/home.page.ts to match the following code:
import { Component } from "@angular/core";
import { VaultService, VaultServiceState } from "../vault.service";
@Component({
selector: "app-home",
templateUrl: "home.page.html",
styleUrls: ["home.page.scss"],
})
export class HomePage {
public state: VaultServiceState;
constructor(private vaultService: VaultService) {
this.state = vaultService.state;
}
async setSession(data: string) {
await this.vaultService.setSession(data);
}
async restoreSession() {
await this.vaultService.restoreSession();
}
}:::note Throughout the rest of this tutorial only new markup or required code will be provided. It is up to you to make sure that the correct imports and component definitions are added. :::
Build the application and run it on an iOS and/or Android device. You should be able to enter some data and store it in the vault by clicking "Set Session Data." If you then shutdown the app and start it again, you should be able to restore it using "Restore Session Data."
Now that we are storing data in the vault, it would be helpful to lock and unlock that data. The vault will automatically lock after lockAfterBackgrounded milliseconds of the application being in the background. We can also lock the vault manually if we so desire.
Add the following methods to VaultService:
async lockVault() {
await this.vault.lock();
}
async unlockVault() {
await this.vault.unlock();
}We can then add a couple of buttons to our HomePage component:
<ion-item>
<ion-label>
<ion-button expand="block" (click)="lockVault()">Lock Vault</ion-button>
</ion-label>
</ion-item>
<ion-item>
<ion-label>
<ion-button expand="block" (click)="unlockVault()">Unlock Vault</ion-button>
</ion-label>
</ion-item>lockVault() {
this.vaultService.lockVault();
}
unlockVault() {
this.vaultService.unlockVault();
}We can now lock and unlock the vault, though in our current state we cannot really tell. Our application should react in some way when the vault is locked. For example, we may want to clear specific data from memory. We may also wish to redirect to a page that will only allow the user to proceed if they unlock the vault.
In our case, we will just clear the session and have a flag that we can use to visually indicate if the vault is locked or not. We can do that by using the vault's onLock event.
First, we need to add a state variable to track whether the vault is locked or not. Add the following code to src/vault.service.ts:
import { Injectable, NgZone } from '@angular/core';
...
export class VaultService {
public state: VaultServiceState = {
session: "",
isLocked: false
};
...
constructor(private ngZone: NgZone, private platform: Platform) {
this.init();
}
async init() {
await this.platform.ready(); // This is required only for Cordova
this.vault =
Capacitor.getPlatform() === "web"
? new BrowserVault(config)
: new Vault(config);
this.vault.onLock(() => {
this.ngZone.run(() => {
this.state.isLocked = true;
this.state.session = undefined;
});
});
this.vault.onUnlock(() => {
this.ngZone.run(() => {
this.state.isLocked = false;
});
});
}
}:::note
Events fired by Identity Vault are unaware of Angular's change detection system. Utilize ngZone to ensure user interface updates are made on changes.
:::
Then, update home.page.html to display the vaultIsLocked value along with the session:
<ion-item>
<ion-label>
<div>Session Data: {{ state.session }}</div>
<div>Vault is locked: {{ state.isLocked }}</div>
</ion-label>
</ion-item>Build and run the application. When the user presses the "Lock Vault" button, the "Session Data" will be cleared out. Pressing "Unlock Vault" will cause "Vault is Locked" to show as false again. Pressing "Restore Session Data" will both unlock a vault and get the session data back.
In its current state, the vault is set to the SecureStorage vault type. We will be unable to observe any changes to the "Vault is Locked" value until we update the vault's configuration to a different vault type.
:::note
Vaults set to the SecureStorage vault type do not lock. Data stored within this type of vault are still encrypted at rest and can be restored between sessions.
:::
In a few sections we will explore different vault types further, allowing us to test the ability to lock and unlock a vault. First, we will begin exploring the Device API.
Identity Vault allows you to have multiple vaults within your application. However, there are some capabilities that Identity Vault allows you to control that are applicable to the device that the application is running on rather than being applicable to any given vault. For these items, we will use Identity Vault's Device API.
One such item is the "privacy screen." When an application is put into the background, the default behavior is for the OS to take a screenshot of the current page and display that as the user scrolls through the open applications. However, if your application displays sensitive information you may not want that information displayed at such a time. So, another option is to display the splash screen (on iOS) or a plain rectangle (on Android) instead of the screenshot. This is often referred to as a "privacy screen."
We will use the Device.isHideScreenOnBackgroundEnabled() method to determine if our application will currently display the privacy screen or not. Then we will use the Device.setHideScreenOnBackground() method to control whether it is displayed or not. Finally, we will hook that all up to a checkbox in the UI to allow the user to manipulate the value at run time.
We only want to interact with the Device API if we are actually running on a device, so we will also use Ionic's platform detection features to avoid using the Device API when running on the web. Our app is not targeting the web; we just want to ensure we can still use a web based development flow.
All of the following code applies to the src/app/vault.service.ts file.
First, import the Device API:
import { Device } from "@ionic-enterprise/identity-vault";Next, add a property to track if the privacy screen is enabled:
export interface VaultServiceState {
...
privacyScreen: boolean;
}
@Injectable({providedIn: "root"})
export class VaultService {
public state: VaultServiceState = {
...
privacyScreen: false
};
...
}Then, we will add logic to handle the privacy screen within VaultService:
@Injectable({providedIn: "root"})
export class VaultService {
...
async init() {
...
this.state.privacyScreen =
Capacitor.getPlatform() === "web"
? false
: await Device.isHideScreenOnBackgroundEnabled();
}
...
setPrivacyScreen(enabled: boolean) {
Device.setHideScreenOnBackground(enabled);
this.state.privacyScreen = enabled;
}
}Finally, we can add the checkbox to the HomePage component:
<ion-item>
<ion-label>Use Privacy Screen</ion-label>
<ion-checkbox
[(ngModel)]="state.privacyScreen"
(ionChange)="setPrivacyScreen()"
></ion-checkbox>
</ion-item>setPrivacyScreen() {
this.vaultService.setPrivacyScreen(this.state.privacyScreen);
}Build the app and play around with changing the checkbox and putting the app in the background. In most applications, you would leave this value set by default. If you were going to change it, you would most likely do so on startup and leave it that way.
The mechanism used to unlock a vault is determined by a combination of the type and the deviceSecurityType configuration settings.
The type setting can be set to any value from the VaultType enumeration:
SecureStorage: Securely store the data in the keychain, but do not lock it.DeviceSecurity: When the vault is locked, it needs to be unlocked by a mechanism provided by the device.CustomPasscode: When the vault is locked, it needs to be unlocked via a custom method provided by the application. This is typically done in the form of a custom PIN dialog.InMemory: The data is never persisted. As a result, if the application is locked or restarted the data is gone.
If VaultType.DeviceSecurity is used, the optional deviceSecurityType setting can further refine the vault by assigning a value from the DeviceSecurity enumeration:
Biometrics: Use the biometric authentication type specified by the device.SystemPasscode: Use the system passcode entry screen.Both: UseBiometricswith theSystemPasscodeas a backup whenBiometricsfails.
We specified SecureStorage when we set up the vault:
const config: IdentityVaultConfig = {
key: "io.ionic.getstartedivangular",
type: VaultType.SecureStorage,
deviceSecurityType: DeviceSecurityType.None,
lockAfterBackgrounded: 2000,
shouldClearVaultAfterTooManyFailedAttempts: true,
customPasscodeInvalidUnlockAttempts: 2,
unlockVaultOnLoad: false,
};However, we can use the vault's updateConfig() method to change this at run time.
In our application, we don't want to use every possible combination. Rather than exposing the raw type and deviceSecurityType values to the rest of the application, let's define the types of authorization we do want to support:
NoLocking: We want to store the session data securely, but never lock it.Biometrics: We want to use the device's biometric mechanism to unlock the vault when it is locked.SystemPasscode: We want to use the device's passcode screen (typically a PIN or pattern) to unlock the vault when it is locked.
Now we have the types defined within the domain of our application. The only code within our application that will have to worry about what this means within the context of the Identity Vault configuration is src/vault.service.ts.
First, add another property to VaultServiceState:
export interface VaultServiceState {
...
lockType: "NoLocking" | "Biometrics" | "SystemPasscode";
}Next, set the initial state within the VaultService itself:
public state: VaultServiceState = {
lockType: 'NoLocking'
};Then, define a method to allow users to change lockType and update the vault configuration accordingly:
setLockType() {
let type: VaultType;
let deviceSecurityType: DeviceSecurityType;
switch (this.state.lockType) {
case 'Biometrics':
type = 'DeviceSecurity';
deviceSecurityType = 'Biometrics';
break;
case 'SystemPasscode':
type = 'DeviceSecurity';
deviceSecurityType = 'SystemPasscode';
break;
default:
type = 'SecureStorage';
deviceSecurityType = 'SystemPasscode';
}
this.vault.updateConfig({ ...this.vault.config, type, deviceSecurityType });
}Finally, add a group of radio buttons to the HomePage component that control the type of vault being used. Remember to import any new components being used:
<ion-item>
<ion-radio-group [(ngModel)]="state.lockType" (ionChange)="setLockType()">
<ion-list-header>
<ion-label> Vault Locking Mechanism </ion-label>
</ion-list-header>
<ion-item>
<ion-label>Do Not Lock</ion-label>
<ion-radio value="NoLocking"></ion-radio>
</ion-item>
<ion-item>
<ion-label>Use Biometrics</ion-label>
<ion-radio
[disabled]="!state.canUseBiometrics"
value="Biometrics"
></ion-radio>
</ion-item>
<ion-item>
<ion-label>Use System Passcode</ion-label>
<ion-radio
[disabled]="!state.canUsePasscode"
value="SystemPasscode"
></ion-radio>
</ion-item>
</ion-radio-group>
</ion-item>setLockType() {
this.vaultService.setLockType();
}The "Use Biometrics" and "Use System Passcode" radio buttons will be disabled on whether or not the feature has been enabled on the device. We will need to code for that by adding properties to VaultServiceState and updating VaultService:
export interface VaultServiceState {
...
canUseBiometrics: boolean;
canUsePasscode: boolean;
}
@Injectable({ providedIn: "root" })
export class VaultService {
public state: VaultServiceState = {
...
canUseBiometrics: false,
canUsePasscode: false,
};
async init() {
...
this.state.canUseBiometrics =
Capacitor.getPlatform() === "web"
? false
: await Device.isBiometricsEnabled();
this.state.canUsePasscode =
Capacitor.getPlatform() === "web"
? false
: await Device.isSystemPasscodeSet();
}
}Notice that we are using the Device API again to determine if biometrics is both: (a) supported by the current device, and (b) enabled by the device user. Users should not be able to choose that option unless biometrics are properly set up on the device.
One final bit of housekeeping before building and running the application: if you are using an iOS device you need to open the Info.plist file and add the NSFaceIDUsageDescription key with a value like "Use Face ID to unlock the vault when it is locked."
Now when you run the app, you can choose a different locking mechanism and it should be used whenever you need to unlock the vault.
If you change the vault type to use either Biometrics or Session Passcode, you should see that the vault is still using that mode when you restart the application. If a vault already exists for a given key (such as 'io.ionic.getstartedivangular'), the vault remembers which mode it is operating in and will ignore the mode passed into the constructor.
Now that the vault type can be set to modes that lock, the "Lock Vault" and "Unlock Vault" buttons are now testable. However, try the following set of instructions:
- Set some session data.
- Press either the "Use Biometrics" or "Use System Passcode" radio buttons.
- Close the application.
- Restart the application.
- Observe that "Vault is Locked" is shown as
false. - Press the "Restore Session Data" button.
- Observe the application request a security prompt.
Our flag is wrong because it's value is set to false on startup, and the onLock event does not trigger on startup. The Vault API provides a way to programmatically obtain the current lock status of the vault.
Add the following line of code to src/vault.service.ts immediately after the onUnlock event handler:
this.state.isLocked = await this.vault.isLocked();Now when the application is restarted, the vault should be shown as locked.
In this final step, we will remove all items from the vault and then remove the vault itself. This can be achieved through the Vault API by calling the clear() method.
To show this in action, add a vaultExists property to the VaultServiceState in src/vault.service.ts:
export interface VaultServiceState {
...
vaultExists: boolean;
}Next, add a function named clearVault() within VaultService. This function will call vault.clear(), set the lockType to NoLocking, and clear out session state property:
async clearVault() {
await this.vault.clear();
this.state.lockType = "NoLocking";
this.state.session = undefined;
await this.checkVaultExists();
}In order to see when a vault does or does not exist, let's add the following code to clearVault() and setSession():
this.state.vaultExists = await this.vault.doesVaultExist();We should also add a call within the init() method to initialize the value along with the vault. Go ahead and do so.
Once that all is in place, make the following adjustments to the HomePage component:
- Create a method that calls
VaultService.clearVault(). - Add a button to clear the vault by calling the method created above on click.
- Display the current value of
vaultExistsin adivthe same waysessionandvaultIsLockedare being shown.
This "getting started" tutorial has implemented using Identity Vault in a very manual manner, allowing for a lot of user interaction with the vault. In an actual application, a lot of this functionality would instead be a part of several programmatic workflows within the application.
At this point, you should have a good idea of how Identity Vault works. There is still more functionality that can be implemented. Be sure to check out our documentation to determine how to facilitate specific areas of functionality within your application.