Add --sandbox flag to prevent dynamic loading of other files/data.

Some use cases for `jq` may involve accepting untrusted input.
See discussion in jqlang#1361 for some security considerations that
may be relevant for those use cases.

This commit adds a `--sandbox` flag which is meant to mitigate
one category of security issue with untrusted input:
features of jq which are meant to let the jq filter access
files/data other than the direct input data given to the CLI.

Specifically, the new `--sandbox` flag blocks the implicit
loading of `$HOME/.jq`, and also blocks the use of
`import` and `include` for loading other `jq` files.

If other features are added to `jq` in the future which allow
for reading files/data as part of the filter syntax, it is
intended that the `--sandbox` flag would also gate access to those.

docs/content/manual/manual.yml

@@ -291,6 +291,12 @@ sections:
         Another way to set the exit status is with the `halt_error`
         builtin function.
 
+      * `--sandbox`:
+
+        Prevent the use of modules (`import`/`include`) or any other file
+        operations that would allow the filter code to access data other
+        than the input data that is explicitly specified in the invocation.
+
       * `--binary` / `-b`:
 
         Windows users using WSL, MSYS2, or Cygwin, should use this option

src/execute.c

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ struct jq_state {
   unsigned next_label;
 
   int halted;
+  int sandbox;
   jv exit_code;
   jv error_message;
 
@@ -1066,6 +1067,7 @@ jq_state *jq_init(void) {
   jq->curr_frame = 0;
   jq->error = jv_null();
 
+  jq->sandbox = 0;
   jq->halted = 0;
   jq->exit_code = jv_invalid();
   jq->error_message = jv_invalid();
@@ -1321,6 +1323,14 @@ void jq_get_stderr_cb(jq_state *jq, jq_msg_cb *cb, void **data) {
   *data = jq->stderr_cb_data;
 }
 
+void jq_set_sandbox(jq_state *jq) {
+  jq->sandbox = 1;
+}
+
+int jq_is_sandbox(jq_state *jq) {
+  return jq->sandbox;
+}
+
 void
 jq_halt(jq_state *jq, jv exit_code, jv error_message)
 {

src/jq.h

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ void jq_start(jq_state *, jv value, int);
 jv jq_next(jq_state *);
 void jq_teardown(jq_state **);
 
+void jq_set_sandbox(jq_state *);
+int jq_is_sandbox(jq_state *);
 void jq_halt(jq_state *, jv, jv);
 int jq_halted(jq_state *);
 jv jq_get_exit_code(jq_state *);

src/linker.c

@@ -251,6 +251,15 @@ static int process_dependencies(jq_state *jq, jv jq_origin, jv lib_origin, block
     i--;
     jv dep = jv_array_get(jv_copy(deps), i);
 
+    // Loading dependencies is not allowed when running in sandbox mode.
+    if (jq_is_sandbox(jq)) {
+      jq_report_error(jq, jv_string("jq: error: Loading dependencies (with import or include) is not allowed in sandbox mode"));
+      jv_free(deps);
+      jv_free(jq_origin);
+      jv_free(lib_origin);
+      return 1;
+    }
+
     const char *as_str = NULL;
     int is_data = jv_get_kind(jv_object_get(jv_copy(dep), jv_string("is_data"))) == JV_KIND_TRUE;
     int raw = 0;
@@ -420,14 +429,16 @@ int load_program(jq_state *jq, struct locfile* src, block *out_block) {
     return 1;
   }
 
-  char* home = getenv("HOME");
-  if (home) {    // silently ignore no $HOME
-    /* Import ~/.jq as a library named "" found in $HOME */
-    block import = gen_import_meta(gen_import("", NULL, 0),
-        gen_const(JV_OBJECT(
-            jv_string("optional"), jv_true(),
-            jv_string("search"), jv_string(home))));
-    program = BLOCK(import, program);
+  if (!jq_is_sandbox(jq)) {
+    char* home = getenv("HOME");
+    if (home) {    // silently ignore no $HOME
+      /* Import ~/.jq as a library named "" found in $HOME */
+      block import = gen_import_meta(gen_import("", NULL, 0),
+          gen_const(JV_OBJECT(
+              jv_string("optional"), jv_true(),
+              jv_string("search"), jv_string(home))));
+      program = BLOCK(import, program);
+    }
   }
 
   nerrors = process_dependencies(jq, jq_get_jq_origin(jq), jq_get_prog_origin(jq), &program, &lib_state);

src/main.c

@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ static void usage(int code, int keep_it_short) {
       "      --jsonargs            consume remaining arguments as positional\n"
       "                            JSON values;\n"
       "  -e, --exit-status         set exit status code based on the output;\n"
+      "      --sandbox             prevent dynamic access to other files/data;\n"
 #ifdef WIN32
       "  -b, --binary              open input/output streams in binary mode;\n"
 #endif
@@ -475,6 +476,10 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
         parser_flags |= JV_PARSE_STREAMING | JV_PARSE_STREAM_ERRORS;
         continue;
       }
+      if (isoption(argv[i], 0, "sandbox", &short_opts)) {
+        jq_set_sandbox(jq);
+        continue;
+      }
       if (isoption(argv[i], 'e', "exit-status", &short_opts)) {
         options |= EXIT_STATUS;
         if (!short_opts) continue;

tests/shtest

@@ -381,6 +381,21 @@ if ! $VALGRIND $Q $JQ -L tests/modules -ne 'import "test_bind_order" as check; c
     exit 1
 fi
 
+if HOME="$mods/home1" $VALGRIND $Q $JQ --sandbox -nr fg; then
+    echo "home module was loaded when it should have been prevented by sandbox flag" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if HOME="$mods/home2" $VALGRIND $Q $JQ --sandbox -n 'include "g"; empty'; then
+    echo "module was included when it should have been prevented by sandbox flag" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if $VALGRIND $Q $JQ -L ./tests/modules --sandbox -n 'import "a" as a; empty'; then
+    echo "module was imported when it should have been prevented by sandbox flag" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 ## Halt
 
 if ! $VALGRIND $Q $JQ -n halt; then