refactor: fix application of the core chain-wide parameters; chores

[0x009922]

Description

While working on #4516, I experimented with extreme reduction of consensus timings, i.e. block_time and commit_time. Those are configured by NewParameter and SetParameter ISIs (until #4028). It turned out that there are a few issues in iroha_core:

• In some places it relies on hardcoded DEFAULT_CONSENSUS_ESTIMATION (4 seconds) for no reason, leading to some bugs, e.g. improper time triggers execution. I made it rely on the values in the actual State config.
• Config in the State was not updated immediately when relevant ISI executed, leading Iroha to ignore updates that actually affect its behaviour, which caused desynchronisation and unexpectedly long block times when the config values are small.

So, this PR "tightens" these gaps and makes parameters application preciser.

This PR doesn't introduce changes to the tests themselves, as I am still experimenting with it.

Linked issue

None

Benefits

More expected behaviour of the chain-wide parameters.