[New Exercise]: Scale Generator

config.json

@@ -848,6 +848,14 @@
         "prerequisites": [],
         "difficulty": 4
       },
+      {
+        "slug": "scale-generator",
+        "name": "Scale Generator",
+        "uuid": "c2eaec94-826e-44e2-b92d-827a713dd373",
+        "practices": [],
+        "prerequisites": [],
+        "difficulty": 5
+      },
       {
         "slug": "change",
         "name": "Change",

exercises/practice/scale-generator/.docs/instructions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# Instructions
+
+## Chromatic Scales
+
+Scales in Western music are based on the chromatic (12-note) scale.
+This scale can be expressed as the following group of pitches:
+
+> A, A♯, B, C, C♯, D, D♯, E, F, F♯, G, G♯
+
+A given sharp note (indicated by a ♯) can also be expressed as the flat of the note above it (indicated by a ♭) so the chromatic scale can also be written like this:
+
+> A, B♭, B, C, D♭, D, E♭, E, F, G♭, G, A♭
+
+The major and minor scale and modes are subsets of this twelve-pitch collection.
+They have seven pitches, and are called diatonic scales.
+The collection of notes in these scales is written with either sharps or flats, depending on the tonic (starting note).
+Here is a table indicating whether the flat expression or sharp expression of the scale would be used for a given tonic:
+
+| Key Signature | Major                 | Minor                |
+| ------------- | --------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Natural       | C                     | a                    |
+| Sharp         | G, D, A, E, B, F♯     | e, b, f♯, c♯, g♯, d♯ |
+| Flat          | F, B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭ | d, g, c, f, b♭, e♭   |
+
+Note that by common music theory convention the natural notes "C" and "a" follow the sharps scale when ascending and the flats scale when descending.
+For the scope of this exercise the scale is only ascending.
+
+### Task
+
+Given a tonic, generate the 12 note chromatic scale starting with the tonic.
+
+- Shift the base scale appropriately so that all 12 notes are returned starting with the given tonic.
+- For the given tonic, determine if the scale is to be returned with flats or sharps.
+- Return all notes in uppercase letters (except for the `b` for flats) irrespective of the casing of the given tonic.
+
+## Diatonic Scales
+
+The diatonic scales, and all other scales that derive from the chromatic scale, are built upon intervals.
+An interval is the space between two pitches.
+
+The simplest interval is between two adjacent notes, and is called a "half step", or "minor second" (sometimes written as a lower-case "m").
+The interval between two notes that have an interceding note is called a "whole step" or "major second" (written as an upper-case "M").
+The diatonic scales are built using only these two intervals between adjacent notes.
+
+Non-diatonic scales can contain other intervals.
+An "augmented second" interval, written "A", has two interceding notes (e.g., from A to C or D♭ to E) or a "whole step" plus a "half step".
+There are also smaller and larger intervals, but they will not figure into this exercise.
+
+### Task
+
+Given a tonic and a set of intervals, generate the musical scale starting with the tonic and following the specified interval pattern.
+
+This is similar to generating chromatic scales except that instead of returning 12 notes, you will return N+1 notes for N intervals.
+The first note is always the given tonic.
+Then, for each interval in the pattern, the next note is determined by starting from the previous note and skipping the number of notes indicated by the interval.
+
+For example, starting with G and using the seven intervals MMmMMMm, there would be the following eight notes:
+
+| Note | Reason                                            |
+| ---- | ------------------------------------------------- |
+| G    | Tonic                                             |
+| A    | M indicates a whole step from G, skipping G♯      |
+| B    | M indicates a whole step from A, skipping A♯      |
+| C    | m indicates a half step from B, skipping nothing  |
+| D    | M indicates a whole step from C, skipping C♯      |
+| E    | M indicates a whole step from D, skipping D♯      |
+| F♯   | M indicates a whole step from E, skipping F       |
+| G    | m indicates a half step from F♯, skipping nothing |

exercises/practice/scale-generator/.meta/ScaleGenerator.example.ps1

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+<#
+.SYNOPSIS
+    Implement a program to generate different scales of music based on a tonic.
+
+.DESCRIPTION
+    Please read the instructions for the rules and further details of music related terms.
+
+    This exercise require you to create a class Scale, which take in a starting tonic.
+    The class required two methods to be implemented:
+    - Chromatic : which will return a 12-note scale depend on whether the starting tonic is flat or sharp.
+    - Interval(string) : method take in a string represent the intervals and return a diatonic scales.
+
+.EXAMPLE
+    $scale = [Scale]::new("C")
+    $scale.Chromatic()
+    Returns: @("C", "C#", "D", "D#", "E", "F", "F#", "G", "G#", "A", "A#", "B")
+
+    $scale.Interval("MMmMMMm")
+    Returns: @("C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "A", "B", "C")
+#>
+
+Class Scale {
+    [string] hidden $tonic
+    [string[]] hidden $pitches
+    [int] hidden $NOTES
+
+    Scale([string] $tonic) {
+        $this.tonic = $tonic
+        $this.pitches = $this.GetPitches($tonic)
+        $this.NOTES = 12
+    }
+
+    [string[]] Chromatic() {
+        $tonicTitle = (Get-Culture).TextInfo.ToTitleCase($this.tonic)
+        $tonicIndex = $this.pitches.IndexOf($tonicTitle)
+        if ($tonicIndex) {
+            return $this.pitches[$tonicIndex..$this.pitches.Length] + $this.pitches[0..($tonicIndex - 1)]
+        }
+        return $this.pitches
+    }
+
+    [string[]] Interval([string] $intervals) {
+        $chromatic = $this.Chromatic()
+        $invervalsValues = $this.GetInterval($intervals)
+
+        $result = @()
+        for ($i = 0; $i -lt $invervalsValues.Count; $i++) {
+            $noteIndex = ($i + $invervalsValues[$i]) % $this.NOTES
+            $result += $chromatic[$noteIndex]
+        }
+        return $result
+    }
+
+    [int] hidden IsSharp([string] $tonic) {
+        <#
+        Determine if a tonic starting a flar or sharp scale
+        #>
+        return @('G', 'D', 'A', 'E', 'B', 'F#', 'e', 'b', 'f#', 'c#', 'g#', 'd#', 'C', 'a') -ccontains $tonic
+    }
+
+    [string[]] hidden GetPitches([string] $tonic) {
+        <#
+        Returns the flat or sharp pitches based on the tonic
+        #>
+        if ($this.IsSharp($tonic)) {
+            return @('A', 'A#', 'B', 'C', 'C#', 'D', 'D#', 'E', 'F', 'F#', 'G', 'G#')
+        }
+        return @('A', 'Bb', 'B', 'C', 'Db', 'D', 'Eb', 'E', 'F', 'Gb', 'G', 'Ab')
+    }
+
+    [int[]] hidden GetInterval([string] $intervals) {
+        <#
+        Return the numerical values of the intervals for the Diatonic Scales
+        #>
+        $count = 0
+        $values = switch -CaseSensitive ($intervals.ToCharArray()) {
+            'M' {$count++; $count}
+            'A' {$count+=2; $count}
+            Default {$count}
+        }
+        return @(0) + $values
+    }
+}

exercises/practice/scale-generator/.meta/config.json

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+  "authors": [
+    "glaxxie"
+  ],
+  "files": {
+    "solution": [
+      "ScaleGenerator.ps1"
+    ],
+    "test": [
+      "ScaleGenerator.tests.ps1"
+    ],
+    "example": [
+      ".meta/ScaleGenerator.example.ps1"
+    ]
+  },
+  "blurb": "Generate musical scales, given a starting note and a set of intervals."
+}

exercises/practice/scale-generator/.meta/tests.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+# This is an auto-generated file.
+#
+# Regenerating this file via `configlet sync` will:
+# - Recreate every `description` key/value pair
+# - Recreate every `reimplements` key/value pair, where they exist in problem-specifications
+# - Remove any `include = true` key/value pair (an omitted `include` key implies inclusion)
+# - Preserve any other key/value pair
+#
+# As user-added comments (using the # character) will be removed when this file
+# is regenerated, comments can be added via a `comment` key.
+
+[10ea7b14-8a49-40be-ac55-7c62b55f9b47]
+description = "Chromatic scales -> Chromatic scale with sharps"
+
+[af8381de-9a72-4efd-823a-48374dbfe76f]
+description = "Chromatic scales -> Chromatic scale with flats"
+
+[7195998a-7be7-40c9-8877-a1d7949e061b]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Simple major scale"
+reimplements = "6f5b1410-1dd7-4c6c-b410-6b7e986f6f1e"
+
+[fe853b97-1878-4090-b218-4029246abb91]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Major scale with sharps"
+reimplements = "13a92f89-a83e-40b5-b9d4-01136931ba02"
+
+[d60cb414-cc02-4fcb-ad7a-fc7ef0a9eead]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Major scale with flats"
+reimplements = "aa3320f6-a761-49a1-bcf6-978e0c81080a"
+
+[77dab9b3-1bbc-4f9a-afd8-06da693bcc67]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Minor scale with sharps"
+reimplements = "63daeb2f-c3f9-4c45-92be-5bf97f61ff94"
+
+[5fa1728f-5b66-4b43-9b7c-84359b7069d4]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Minor scale with flats"
+reimplements = "616594d0-9c48-4301-949e-af1d4fad16fd"
+
+[f3f1c353-8f7b-4a85-a5b5-ae06c2645823]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Dorian mode"
+reimplements = "390bd12c-5ac7-4ec7-bdde-4e58d5c78b0a"
+
+[5fe14e5a-3ddc-4202-a158-2c1158beb5d0]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Mixolydian mode"
+reimplements = "846d0862-0f3e-4f3b-8a2d-9cc74f017848"
+
+[e6307799-b7f6-43fc-a6d8-a4834d6e2bdb]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Lydian mode"
+reimplements = "7d49a8bb-b5f7-46ad-a207-83bd5032291a"
+
+[7c4a95cd-ecf4-448d-99bc-dbbca51856e0]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Phrygian mode"
+reimplements = "a4e4dac5-1891-4160-a19f-bb06d653d4d0"
+
+[f476f9c9-5a13-473d-bb6c-f884cf8fd9f2]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Locrian mode"
+reimplements = "ef3650af-90f8-4ad9-9ef6-fdbeae07dcaa"
+
+[87fdbcca-d3dd-46d5-9c56-ec79e25b19f4]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Harmonic minor"
+reimplements = "70517400-12b7-4530-b861-fa940ae69ee8"
+
+[b28ecc18-88db-4fd5-a973-cfe6361e2b24]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Octatonic"
+reimplements = "37114c0b-c54d-45da-9f4b-3848201470b0"
+
+[a1c7d333-6fb3-4f3b-9178-8a0cbe043134]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Hexatonic"
+reimplements = "496466e7-aa45-4bbd-a64d-f41030feed9c"
+
+[9acfd139-0781-4926-8273-66a478c3b287]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Pentatonic"
+reimplements = "bee5d9ec-e226-47b6-b62b-847a9241f3cc"
+
+[31c933ca-2251-4a5b-92dd-9d5831bc84ad]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Enigmatic"
+reimplements = "dbee06a6-7535-4ab7-98e8-d8a36c8402d1"
+
+[6f5b1410-1dd7-4c6c-b410-6b7e986f6f1e]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Simple major scale"
+include = false
+
+[13a92f89-a83e-40b5-b9d4-01136931ba02]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Major scale with sharps"
+include = false
+
+[aa3320f6-a761-49a1-bcf6-978e0c81080a]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Major scale with flats"
+include = false
+
+[63daeb2f-c3f9-4c45-92be-5bf97f61ff94]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Minor scale with sharps"
+include = false
+
+[616594d0-9c48-4301-949e-af1d4fad16fd]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Minor scale with flats"
+include = false
+
+[390bd12c-5ac7-4ec7-bdde-4e58d5c78b0a]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Dorian mode"
+include = false
+
+[846d0862-0f3e-4f3b-8a2d-9cc74f017848]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Mixolydian mode"
+include = false
+
+[7d49a8bb-b5f7-46ad-a207-83bd5032291a]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Lydian mode"
+include = false
+
+[a4e4dac5-1891-4160-a19f-bb06d653d4d0]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Phrygian mode"
+include = false
+
+[ef3650af-90f8-4ad9-9ef6-fdbeae07dcaa]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Locrian mode"
+include = false
+
+[70517400-12b7-4530-b861-fa940ae69ee8]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Harmonic minor"
+include = false
+
+[37114c0b-c54d-45da-9f4b-3848201470b0]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Octatonic"
+include = false
+
+[496466e7-aa45-4bbd-a64d-f41030feed9c]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Hexatonic"
+include = false
+
+[bee5d9ec-e226-47b6-b62b-847a9241f3cc]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Pentatonic"
+include = false
+
+[dbee06a6-7535-4ab7-98e8-d8a36c8402d1]
+description = "Scales with specified intervals -> Enigmatic"
+include = false

exercises/practice/scale-generator/ScaleGenerator.ps1

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<#
+.SYNOPSIS
+    Implement a program to generate different scales of music based on a tonic.
+
+.DESCRIPTION
+    Please read the instructions for the rules and further details of music related terms.
+
+    This exercise require you to create a class Scale, which take in a starting tonic.
+    The class required two methods to be implemented:
+    - Chromatic : which will return a 12-note scale depend on whether the starting tonic is flat or sharp.
+    - Interval(string) : method take in a string represent the intervals and return a diatonic scales.
+
+.EXAMPLE
+    $scale = [Scale]::new("C")
+    $scale.Chromatic()
+    Returns: @("C", "C#", "D", "D#", "E", "F", "F#", "G", "G#", "A", "A#", "B")
+
+    $scale.Interval("MMmMMMm")
+    Returns: @("C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "A", "B", "C")
+#>
+
+Class Scale {
+    Scale([string] $tonic) {
+        Throw "Please implement this class"
+    }
+
+    [string[]] Chromatic() {
+        Throw "Please implement this function"
+    }
+
+    [string[]] Interval([string] $intervals) {
+        Throw "Please implement this function"
+    }
+}