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Compilation and Debugging
ccache is a fast compiler cache. It is a program that is sitting in front of gcc and monitors what is being compiled. If a file was compiled before in the exact same state, then ccache will serve a compilation request from cache and thus lead to "instant" compilation.
To install ccache:
sudo apt-get install ccache
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/gcc
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/g++
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/ccAvoid running catkin build without specifying a package since this builds the entire workspace which takes a long time.
You can specify individual packages simply by adding their names:
catkin build maplab
If you only changed a single package you can also restrict the build process to this single package:
catkin build maplab --no-deps
Even more efficient is invoking make -j8 in the build folder of the package
cd ~/catkin_ws/build/maplab && make -j8
Most packages are not built in Release mode. To build packages in Release mode:
catkin build maplab --cmake-args -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
To set this as the default behavior in your current catkin profile:
catkin config --cmake-args -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
If you are actively developing on maplab, debug symbols will sooner or later be helpful, therefore, we recommend to include them when building. This flag will enable all the optimizations of the release mode, but include debug symbols to give the debugger a change to figure out where in the code the program currently is:
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo
In order to compile all packages in debug mode, i.e. no optimizations plus debug symbols, use:
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
Important: Switching these modes does not automatically rebuild packages that have been build before, therefore, clean the workspace first to be sure the new mode is adopted by all packages.
catkin clean --yes
If you want to efficiently debug a program it makes sense to switch only the package that the error is contained in to Debug mode.
cd ~/catkin_ws/build/maplab
ccmake .
You will now see a window similar to this:
BUILD_SHARED_LIBS ON
CATKIN_DEVEL_PREFIX /Users/sheep/catkin_ws/devel
CATKIN_ENABLE_TESTING ON
CATKIN_PACKAGE_PREFIX
CATKIN_SKIP_TESTING OFF
CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release
CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX /Users/sheep/catkin_ws/install
...
Navigate to the line which says CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE using the cursor keys and press Enter. Now replace Debug with Release. Press c to configure, followed by g to generate. (you might now press e to hide warnings.). Finally press q to quit.
Now make the package by invoking:
cd ~/catkin_ws/build/maplab && make -j8
HINT: Don't forget to switch back to Release once you are done with debugging.
In order to run a process with arguments in gdb, the most efficient way is to use:
gdb --ex run --args ~/devel/lib/maplab/maplab --use_external_memory=false
Where --use_external_memory=false is just an example flag.
Clang 3.5 can be installed with
sudo apt-get install clang-3.5
and set as the default compiler with:
sudo update-alternatives --config c++
sudo update-alternatives --config cc
If you are using clang together with ccache on Ubuntu 14.04 you should consider updating the system's ccache version.
Get the sources:
mkdir -p /tmp/llvm-clang-omp
cd /tmp/llvm-clang-omp
git clone https://github.com/clang-omp/llvm
git clone https://github.com/clang-omp/compiler-rt llvm/projects/compiler-rt
git clone -b clang-omp https://github.com/clang-omp/clang llvm/tools/clang
Build and time for several coffees:
mkdir -p /tmp/llvm-clang-omp/build
cd /tmp/llvm-clang-omp/build
cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ../llvm
make -j8
Remove old packages and install the compiler and Intel runtime.
sudo apt-get install checkinstall libiomp-dev
sudo apt-get remove clang-* llvm-* libclang*
cd /tmp/llvm-clang-omp/build
checkinstall
Set a meaningful name for the package and let it conflict with the system's clang packages if you want to exclude the possibility of different versions conflicting.
Set as default compiler:
sudo rm /etc/alternatives/cc
sudo rm /etc/alternatives/c++
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/clang-3.5 /etc/alternatives/cc
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/clang++ /etc/alternatives/c++
Ubuntu 14.04 delivers ccache 3.1.9 that has no official clang support. A manual update to a version of ccache >= 3.2.0 is recommended when using clang. The following steps can be used to perform this update:
sudo apt-get install devscripts
mkdir -p /tmp/ccache
Get the current distro source package:
cd /tmp/ccache
apt-get build-dep ccache
apt-get source ccache
Upgrade the distro source package with the recent upstream source:
cd /tmp/ccache
wget http://samba.org/ftp/ccache/ccache-3.2.1.tar.gz
cd ccache-3.1.9
uupdate ../ccache-3.2.1.tar.gz
Build binary package and install:
cd /tmp/ccache/ccache-3.2.1
dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc -nc
sudo dpkg -i ../ccache_3.2.1-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb