Adding the unbalanced penalization method

[alejomonbar]

Following a recent thread about the unbalanced penalization method to encode inequality constraints. #1339.

lagrange_multiplier = [1,1]
bqm = BinaryQuadraticModel("BINARY")
for i in range(qubits):
    bqm.add_linear(f"x_{i}", 1)
terms = [(f"x_{i}", 4) for i in range(qubits)]
bqm.add_linear_inequality_constraint(terms, lagrange_multiplier,
                                     label, ub=5, penalization_method="unbalanced")
bqm.to_ising()

Still is left to implement the test, but I want to know if the structure is ok @arcondello?

[arcondello]

Structure looks good! As you say, needs some tests and a release note, but I like the direction.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #1347 (a2668cb) into main (e5a8e3b) will decrease coverage by 0.02%.
Report is 2 commits behind head on main.
The diff coverage is 93.54%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1347      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   95.08%   95.06%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files          95       95              
  Lines        9902     9912      +10     
==========================================
+ Hits         9415     9423       +8     
- Misses        487      489       +2     

Files Changed	Coverage Δ
dimod/binary/binary_quadratic_model.py	92.96% <93.54%> (-0.15%)	⬇️

📣 We’re building smart automated test selection to slash your CI/CD build times. Learn more

[alejomonbar]

Structure looks good! As you say, needs some tests and a release note, but I like the direction.

@arcondello please let me know what you think of how it is now.

[arcondello]

Just a few aesthetic comments

[arcondello]

It looks like everything got indented by an additional tab?

[alejomonbar]

I fixed it! @arcondello

[arcondello]

Suggested change

	penalization_method: str = "slack",
	penalization_method: typing.Literal["slack", "unbalanced"] = "slack",

[alejomonbar]

Added @arcondello

[arcondello]

LGTM! I took the liberty of making some minor edits to the release note to fit some esoteric formatting rules. I'll merge once the CI tests pass

[alejomonbar]

@arcondello I'm thinking I can also add a tutorial for this new feature. Do you know where can I put that tutorial?

[arcondello]

How big of a tutorial did you have in mind? If it's something short and simple, then the docstring of modified method is definitely the easiest.