Introduction to Kubernetes

Links and resources used by the Introduction to Kubernetes DevOps Learning Journey course.

@Todo: Windows users: Please fill in the Windows installation prerequisites.

Table of Contents

To generate Table of contents, do:

	npm update
	./node_modules/markdown-toc/cli.js --no-firsth1 README.md

• Notes
• Mac: Install Prerequisites
• Windows: Install Prerequisites
• Classroom
  • What is Kubernetes
  • Get Started: Local Kubernetes
  • Azure Kubernetes Connect
  • Kubernetes Connect
  • (Azure) Kubernetes Connect 101
  • Go, gRPC and Kubernetes (Optional)
  • Kubernetes 101 (1st section)
  • Kubernetes 101 (2nd section)
  • Kubernetes 101 (3rd section - Optional/extra credit)
  • Azure Kubernetes 201
  • Kubernetes Dashboard
  • Wordpress on Kubernetes
  • Elastic Search on K8s
  • Kubernetes Stateful Application
  • Kubernetes Configmap
  • Kubernetes & Prometheus (Metrics)
  • SPIFFE Secure Certificate Example (Optional)
  • Kubernetes Secrets
  • K8s Networking Explained (Optional)
  • Minikube CICD on Jenkins
  • Artifactory on Kubernetes
  • Deploy Cassandra with Stateful Sets
  • Helm (Package manager) on Kubernetes
• Additional Resources
  • Reference Docs
  • Kubernetes in Azure

Notes

If you have VPN connected, you may encounter problems with your local docker connecting to a remote registry. Disconnect from VPN and then restart your terminal before continuing.

• Mac users should be able to download most tools and utilities using brew.
• Windows users may be able to download many tools and utilities using Chocolatey.

Mac: Install Prerequisites

1. Install Xcode from the App Store, or from Apple Developer Downloads

2. Install Homebrew using the following command:

   /usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

3. Install Tools and Utilities:

   • kubectl, minikube, Docker, Vagrant, VirtualBox, Docker Compose, Docker Machine, Docker Machine driver xhyve, Azure-CLI, and NodeJS.

   brew cask install docker
   brew cask install minikube
   brew cask install vagrant
   brew cask install virtualbox
   brew install kubernetes-cli
   brew install docker-compose
   brew install docker-completion
   brew install docker-compose-completion
   brew install docker-machine-driver-xhyve
   brew install azure-cli
   brew install nodejs

4. Set the preferences for the docker machine driver:

   sudo chown root:wheel $(brew --prefix)/opt/docker-machine-driver-xhyve/bin/docker-machine-driver-xhyve
   sudo chmod u+s $(brew --prefix)/opt/docker-machine-driver-xhyve/bin/docker-machine-driver-xhyve

Windows: Install Prerequisites

...

Classroom

What is Kubernetes

Introduction reading and video:

• Illustrated Childrens Guide to Kubernetes
• Kubernetes - Getting Started

Get Started: Local Kubernetes

1. Minikube Tutorial
2. Install Hypervisor (Virtualbox, etc)
3. Stand up minikube and test

Azure Kubernetes Connect

1. Deploy an Azure Container Service (AKS) cluster - Will not currently work for connected cloud subscriptions.
2. Login to Azure
3. Download CLI and Login with CLI

Kubernetes Connect

1. Create a cluster or use existing cluster created earlier.
2. Execute the nginx example.

(Azure) Kubernetes Connect 101

1. Tutorial: Prepare application for Azure Container Service (AKS)
2. Tutorial: Deploy and use Azure Container Registry
   • Note: If creating a registry in Azure is not possible, consider using your own public registry/repos in Docker Hub.
3. Create container images and run voting app locally. -- requires docker compose.
4. Upload voting app images to container registry created in step 2.

Go, gRPC and Kubernetes (Optional)

• Getting Started with Microservices using Go, gRPC and Kubernetes
• Source code for Getting Started with Microservices using Go, gRPC and Kubernetes

1. Define Simple Services
   1. Comm protocol
   2. Common Divisor Services
   3. Frontend API Service
2. Build Docker Images
3. Deploy to K8s Cluster

Kubernetes 101 (1st section)

1. Kubernetes 101 Tutorial

2. Clone workshop Repo

   git clone https://github.com/gravitational/workshop.git

3. Classroom work: Running Nginx

   1. Standup Nginx
   2. Curl service from Tutum container
   3. Explore within the container

4. Follow sections:

   1. Running nginx
   2. Pod IPs
   3. Pod Containers

Kubernetes 101 (2nd section)

1. Kubernetes 101 Tutorial

2. Clone workshop Repo

   git clone https://github.com/gravitational/workshop.git

3. Classroom work sections:

   1. Deployments and Replicasets
   2. Services
   3. Back to Deployments
   4. Configuration management basics

Kubernetes 101 (3rd section - Optional/extra credit)

1. Kubernetes 101 Tutorial

2. Clone workshop Repo

   git clone https://github.com/gravitational/workshop.git

3. Sections: Connecting Services

Note: Requires a private registry locally or use of cloud registry, such as Docker Hub.

Azure Kubernetes 201

1. Tutorials #3-5, Run and scale application exercises.
2. Tutorials 6 and 7 require docker-compose.

• 3: Deploy an Azure Container Service (AKS) cluster
• 4: Run applications in Azure Container Service (AKS)
• 5: Scale application in Azure Container Service (AKS)
  • Caution: Scaling nodes could come with some risk in the Class Azure subscription. Such as losing connection to your K8s master in your cluster. This happened to one engineer in DLJ#1 class. Cause unknown.
• 6: Update an application in Azure Container Service (AKS)
• 7: Monitor Azure Container Service (AKS)

Kubernetes Dashboard

• Tutorial: Azure AKS Kubernetes Dashboard

1. Tunnel to a local version of the kubernetes dashboard
2. Expose and edit two services within the kubernetes dashboard

Wordpress on Kubernetes

• Deploying WordPress and MySQL with Persistent Volumes

1. Create persistent volume
2. Create secret for MySQL password
3. Launch Wordpress

Elastic Search on K8s

1. Clonse the examples repo

2. Deploy elasticsearch

3. Verify functionality

4. Clone Kubernetes Examples repo

   git clone [email protected]:kubernetes/examples.git

5. Follow Elastic Search Tutorial

   Bonus:

6. Deploy production ready cluster

   git clone [email protected]:pires/kubernetes-elasticsearch-cluster.git

7. Bonus #2: Expose Kibana

Kubernetes Stateful Application

1. Stand up and watch stateful mysql instances
   • Run a Replicated Stateful Application
2. Query and verify connectivity

Kubernetes Configmap

1. Create Configmap
2. Consume Configmap in environment variables
3. Set command line using Configmap
4. Consume Configmap in Volume

• ConfigMap Tutorial

• Use wget to get the files for the exercise...

   wget http://pwittrock.github.io/docs/user-guide/configmap/configmap.yaml
   wget http://pwittrock.github.io/docs/user-guide/configmap/env-pod.yaml
   wget http://pwittrock.github.io/docs/user-guide/configmap/command-pod.yaml
   wget http://pwittrock.github.io/docs/user-guide/configmap/volume-pod.yaml
   wget http://pwittrock.github.io/docs/user-guide/configmap/mount-file-pod.yaml

• Then apply using: (for example...)

   kubectl create -f configmap.yaml

Kubernetes & Prometheus (Metrics)

• Follow Tutorial: Collecting Metrics with Prometheus

1. Stand up Prometheus
2. Gather and monitor metrics

SPIFFE Secure Certificate Example (Optional)

1. Install Virtual Box & Vagrant
2. Standup K8s vagrant machines
3. Run demo

• Kubernetes Workload Attestation Demo

Kubernetes Secrets

1. Create Secret config file and pods
2. Install and Launch Vault
3. (Optional) Challenge: Replicate Vault Secrets into Kubernetes

• Tutorial: Secrets
• Challenge Tutorial: Replicate Vault Secrets into Kubernetes

K8s Networking Explained (Optional)

1. Docker Networking Example
2. CNI Basics
   1. Requires access to Kubernetes host if not using minikube

• Kubernetes Networking Explained

Minikube CICD on Jenkins

1. Install Prerequisites (Node, etc)
2. Setup Jenkins
3. (Optional) Puzzle App Part 1
4. (Optional) Puzzle App Part 2

Artifactory on Kubernetes

• Artifactory in Kubernetes Example

Deploy Cassandra with Stateful Sets

1. Create Cassandra Headless Service
2. Create a Cassandra Ring
3. Validate the Stateful Set
4. Modify the Stateful Set

• Tutorial: Deploying Cassandra with Stateful Sets

Helm (Package manager) on Kubernetes

1. Verify Helm is working
2. Install nginx-ingress

• Use Helm with Azure Container Service (AKS)

Additional Resources

Reference Docs

• Curated list for awesome kubernetes sources
• Kubernetes by Example - A hands-on introduction to Kubernetes
• kubectl Reference Cheat Sheet
• Kubernetes Community Resources
• Kubernetes Community Resources - Cheat Sheet
• Configure Access to Multiple Clusters

Kubernetes in Azure

• Running Kubernetes in Azure - Basic information on options available.
• Deploy a Kubernetes Cluster using ACS-Engine - Getting started information.
• Azure ACS-Engine Examples and Walkthroughs