A treebank is a corpus where the sentences in each language are syntactically (if necessary morphologically) annotated. In the treebanks, the syntactic annotation usually follows constituent and/or dependency structure.
Treebanks annotated for the syntactic or semantic structures of the sentences are essential for developing state-of-the-art statistical natural language processing (NLP) systems including part-of-speech-taggers, syntactic parsers, and machine translation systems. There are two main groups of syntactic treebanks, namely treebanks annotated for constituency (phrase structure) and the ones that are annotated for dependency structure.
We extend the original format with the relevant information, given between curly braces. For example, the word 'problem' in a sentence in the standard Penn Treebank notation, may be represented in the data format provided below:
(NN problem)
After all levels of processing are finished, the data structure stored for the same word has the following form in the system.
(NN {turkish=sorunu} {english=problem}
{morphologicalAnalysis=sorun+NOUN+A3SG+PNON+ACC}
{metaMorphemes=sorun+yH}
{semantics=TUR10-0703650})
As is self-explanatory, 'turkish' tag shows the original Turkish word; 'morphologicalanalysis' tag shows the correct morphological parse of that word; 'semantics' tag shows the ID of the correct sense of that word; 'namedEntity' tag shows the named entity tag of that word; 'propbank' tag shows the semantic role of that word for the verb synset id (frame id in the frame file) which is also given in that tag.
You can also see Python, Cython, C++, C, Js, Swift, or C# repository.
- Java Development Kit 8 or higher, Open JDK or Oracle JDK
- Maven
- Git
To check if you have a compatible version of Java installed, use the following command:
java -version
If you don't have a compatible version, you can download either Oracle JDK or OpenJDK
To check if you have Maven installed, use the following command:
mvn --version
To install Maven, you can follow the instructions here.
Install the latest version of Git.
In order to work on code, create a fork from GitHub page. Use Git for cloning the code to your local or below line for Ubuntu:
git clone <your-fork-git-link>
A directory called WordNet will be created. Or you can use below link for exploring the code:
git clone https://github.com/starlangsoftware/AnnotatedTree.git
Steps for opening the cloned project:
- Start IDE
- Select File | Open from main menu
- Choose
AnnotatedTree/pom.xmlfile - Select open as project option
- Couple of seconds, dependencies with Maven will be downloaded.
From IDE
After being done with the downloading and Maven indexing, select Build Project option from Build menu. After compilation process, user can run AnnotatedTree.
From Console
Go to AnnotatedTree directory and compile with
mvn compile
From IDE
Use package of 'Lifecycle' from maven window on the right and from AnnotatedTree root module.
From Console
Use below line to generate jar file:
mvn install
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.starlangsoftware</groupId>
<artifactId>AnnotatedTree</artifactId>
<version>1.0.54</version>
</dependency>
To load an annotated TreeBank:
TreeBankDrawable(File folder, String pattern)
a = new TreeBankDrawable(new File("/Turkish-Phrase"), ".train")
TreeBankDrawable(File folder)
a = new TreeBankDrawable(new File("/Turkish-Phrase"))
TreeBankDrawable(File folder, String pattern, int from, int to)
a = new TreeBankDrawable(new File("/Turkish-Phrase"), ".train", 1, 500)
To access all the trees in a TreeBankDrawable:
for (int i = 0; i < a.sentenceCount(); i++){
ParseTreeDrawable parseTree = (ParseTreeDrawable) a.get(i);
....
}
To load a saved ParseTreeDrawable:
ParseTreeDrawable(FileInputStream file)
is used. Usually it is more useful to load TreeBankDrawable as explained above than to load ParseTree one by one.
To find the node number of a ParseTreeDrawable:
int nodeCount()
the leaf number of a ParseTreeDrawable:
int leafCount()
the word count in a ParseTreeDrawable:
int wordCount(boolean excludeStopWords)
above methods can be used.
Information of an annotated word is kept in LayerInfo class. To access the morphological analysis of the annotated word:
MorphologicalParse getMorphologicalParseAt(int index)
meaning of an annotated word:
String getSemanticAt(int index)
the shallow parse tag (e.g., subject, indirect object etc.) of annotated word:
String getShallowParseAt(int index)
the argument tag of the annotated word:
Argument getArgumentAt(int index)
the word count in a node:
int getNumberOfWords()
@inproceedings{yildiz-etal-2014-constructing,
title = "Constructing a {T}urkish-{E}nglish Parallel {T}ree{B}ank",
author = {Y{\i}ld{\i}z, Olcay Taner and
Solak, Ercan and
G{\"o}rg{\"u}n, Onur and
Ehsani, Razieh},
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
month = jun,
year = "2014",
address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2019",
doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2019",
pages = "112--117",
}