Git Commands

1. Install git

check version git --version

2. Configuring some settings

Like Name, Email, Default Editor & Line Ending

Different levels for setting - System, Global & Local.

git config --global user.name "Harsh Verma"

git config --global user.email [email protected]

git config --global core.editor "code --wait"

git config --global -e

Line endings -

Windows	macOS/Linux
\r\n	\n

• For Windows

git config --global core.autocrlf true 

• For Linux

git config --global core.autocrlf input

3. Taking help

Use -h or --help

4. Initializing a Repo

git init

Additional cmds -

• Make directory - mkdir Moon

• Open directory - cd Moon

• Open a file -

  • start .git for Windows
  • open .git for Linux

• Remove a file -

  • rm -rf .git

• Listing files -

  • ls
  • ls -a

5. Staging Area

For checking the state of repo and staging area

git status 

Additional cmds -

• Creating a new file echo hello > file1.txt
• Appending content echo world >> file1.txt
• Adding files to staging area -
  • git add file1.txt file2.txt
  • git add *.txt
  • git add .

6. Commiting Changes

• Adding short comment

git commit -m "Initial commit"

• Adding short and long comment

git commit

7. Skipping the stagging area

Rarely used

git commit -a -m "Some message"

or

git commit -am "Some message"

8. Removing files

WD : Working Directory
SA : Staging Area

Removing file from both WD & SA

git rm file2.txt 

Additional cmds -

• File only remove from WD - rm file2.txt
• Checking SA - git ls-files

9. Renaming or Moving files

Changes reflected in both WD and SA

git mv file1.txt main.js 

Additional cmds -

• Renaming file - mv file1.txt main.js

• Adding to SA - git add file1.txt main.js

10. Ignoring Files

We can add file names like logs/ *.class *.log bin/

echo logs/ > .gitignore

or

echo > .gitignore

Removing a file only from SA -

git rm --cached bin/

git rm --cached -r bin/

11. Short status

git status -s

12. Viewing the staged and unstaged changes

• Staged changes

git diff --staged 

• Unstaged changes

git diff

Additional cmds -

• Open file in cmd - cat file2.txt
• Open file in cmd with numbers - cat -n file2.txt

13. Using Visual diff Tools

• Configuring VScode-

git config --global diff.tool vscode

• Configuring launching -

git config --global difftool.vscode.cmd "code --wait --diff $LOCAL $REMOTE"

• Viewing unstaged changes -

git difftool

• Viewing staged changes -

git difftool --staged

14. Viewing the history

• Full logs -

git log

• Logs in single line -

git log --oneline

• Reverse Order -

git log --oneline --reverse

"space" for moving a head and "q" for quitting

15. Viewing the commit

• Using unique identifier -

git show 921a

• Viewing Last commit -

git show HEAD 

• One step back -

git show HEAD~1

• Viewing particular file -

git show HEAD~1:.gitignore

• Listing all the files -

git ls-tree HEAD~1

16. Unstaging the files

git restore --staged file1.txt

17. Discharding local changes

git restore .

Additional cmds -

• Removing all untracked files -

git clean

git clean -fd

18. Restoring a file to an Earlier Version

git restore --source=HEAD~1 file1.js

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Sources :

• Videos -
  • Git Tutorial
  • Markdown Formatting
• Websites -
  • Basic writing and formatting syntax