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learn-vi-10-TextObjects.html
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="zh" xml:lang="zh">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="learn-vi.css" />
<title>VIM学习笔记 文本对象（Text Objects）</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>在Vim中，相比针对单个字符进行操作，对于单词、句子和段落等更大范围的文本对象（<strong>text-objects</strong> ）执行命令则更有效率。Vim的命令结构示例如下：</p>
<p style="text-indent:2em"><code class="inset">[number]<command>[text object or motion]</code></p>
<p>其中：<strong>number</strong>是指命令作用在几个文本对象之上。比如3个单词；<strong>command</strong>是指执行的具体命令。比如删除或复制；<strong>text object or motion</strong>是指具体的文本对象。比如单词、句子或段落。</p>
<p style="font-weight:bold; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray; border-left:6px solid lightgray; padding:0 0 3px 5px">文本对象的类型</p>
<ul>
<li><code class="inset">iw</code> …inner word</li>
<li><code class="inset">aw</code> …a word</li>
<li><code class="inset">iW</code> …inner <span class="caps">WORD</span></li>
<li><code class="inset">aW</code> …a <span class="caps">WORD</span></li>
<li><code class="inset">is</code> …inner sentence</li>
<li><code class="inset">as</code> …a sentence</li>
<li><code class="inset">ip</code> …inner paragraph</li>
<li><code class="inset">ap</code> …a paragraph</li>
<li><code class="inset">it</code> …inner tag</li>
<li><code class="inset">at</code> …a tag</li>
<li><code class="inset">i(</code> or <code class="inset">i)</code> …inner block …everything between ( and ) excluding the parentheses</li>
<li><code class="inset">a(</code> or <code class="inset">a)</code> …a block …everything between ( and ) including the parenthesis</li>
<li><code class="inset">i<</code> or <code class="inset">i></code> …inner block …everything between < and > excluding the brackets</li>
<li><code class="inset">a<</code> or <code class="inset">a></code> …a block …everything between < and > including the brackets</li>
<li><code class="inset">i{</code> or <code class="inset">i}</code> …inner block …everything between { and } excluding the brackets</li>
<li><code class="inset">a{</code> or <code class="inset">a}</code> …a block …everything between { and } including the brackets</li>
<li><code class="inset">i[</code> or <code class="inset">i]</code> …inner block …everything between [ and ] excluding the square brackets</li>
<li><code class="inset">a[</code> or <code class="inset">a]</code> …a block …everything between [ and ] including the square brackets</li>
<li><code class="inset">i"</code> …inner block</li>
<li><code class="inset">a"</code> …a block</li>
<li><code class="inset">i`</code> …inner block</li>
<li><code class="inset">a`</code> …a block</li>
</ul>
<p style="font-weight:bold; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray; border-left:6px solid lightgray; padding:0 0 3px 5px">文本对象的作用范围</p>
<p><code class="inset">iw</code>表示<strong>inner word</strong>。如果键入<code class="inset">viw</code>命令，那么首先<code class="inset">v</code>将进入选择模式，然后<code class="inset">iw</code>将选中当前单词。</p>
<p><code class="inset">aw</code>表示<strong>a word</strong>，它不但会选中当前单词，还会包含当前单词之后的空格。</p>
<p>以下实例中的红色 <span style="color: red">[ ]</span> 表示作用范围：</p>
<table>
<tr>
<td><code class="inset">iw</code></td>
<td>This is a <span style="color: red">[</span><span style="background-color: yellow">test</span><span style="color: red">]</span> sentence. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="inset">aw</code></td>
<td>This is a <span style="color: red">[</span><span style="background-color: yellow">test </span><span style="color: red">]</span>sentence. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="inset">iW</code></td>
<td>This is a <span style="color: red">[</span><span style="background-color: yellow">…test…</span><span style="color: red">]</span> sentence. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="inset">aW</code></td>
<td>This is a <span style="color: red">[</span><span style="background-color: yellow">…test… </span><span style="color: red">]</span>sentence. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="inset">is</code></td>
<td>…sentence. <span style="color: red">[</span><span style="background-color: yellow">This is a sentence.</span><span style="color: red">]</span> This… </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="inset">as</code></td>
<td>…sentence. <span style="color: red">[</span><span style="background-color: yellow">This is a sentence. </span><span style="color: red">]</span>This… </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="inset">ip</code></td>
<td>End of previous paragraph.<br/><br/><span style="color: red">[</span><span style="background-color: yellow">This is a paragraph. It has two sentences.</span><span style="color: red">]</span><br/><br/>The next. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="inset">ap</code></td>
<td>End of previous paragraph.<br/><br/><span style="color: red">[</span><span style="background-color: yellow">This is a paragraph. It has two sentences.<br/><br/></span><span style="color: red">]</span>The next. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="inset">i(</code> or <code class="inset">i)</code></td>
<td>1 * (<span style="color: red">[</span><span style="background-color: yellow">2 + 3</span><span style="color: red">]</span>) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="inset">a(</code> or <code class="inset">a)</code></td>
<td>1 * <span style="color: red">[</span><span style="background-color: yellow">(2 + 3)</span><span style="color: red">]</span> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="inset">i<</code> or <code class="inset">i></code></td>
<td>The <<span style="color: red">[</span><span style="background-color: yellow">tag</span><span style="color: red">]</span>> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="inset">a<</code> or <code class="inset">i></code></td>
<td>The <span style="color: red">[</span><span style="background-color: yellow"><tag></span><span style="color: red">]</span> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="inset">i{</code> or <code class="inset">i}</code></td>
<td>some {<span style="color: red">[</span><span style="background-color: yellow"> code block </span><span style="color: red">]</span>} </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="inset">a{</code> or <code class="inset">a}</code></td>
<td>some <span style="color: red">[</span><span style="background-color: yellow">{ code block }</span><span style="color: red">]</span> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="inset">i[</code> or <code class="inset">i]</code></td>
<td>some [<span style="color: red">[</span><span style="background-color: yellow"> code block </span><span style="color: red">]</span>] </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="inset">a[</code> or <code class="inset">a]</code></td>
<td>some <span style="color: red">[</span><span style="background-color: yellow">[ code block ]</span><span style="color: red">]</span> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="inset">i"</code></td>
<td>The "<span style="color: red">[</span><span style="background-color: yellow">best</span><span style="color: red">]</span>" </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="inset">a"</code></td>
<td>The<span style="color: red">[</span><span style="background-color: yellow"> “best”</span><span style="color: red">]</span> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="inset">i`</code></td>
<td>The `<span style="color: red">[</span><span style="background-color: yellow">best</span><span style="color: red">]</span>` </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="inset">a`</code></td>
<td>The<span style="color: red">[</span><span style="background-color: yellow"> `best`</span><span style="color: red">]</span> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<p style="font-weight:bold; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray; border-left:6px solid lightgray; padding:0 0 3px 5px">文本对象的应用实例</p>
<p>使用<code class="inset">ci)</code>命令，可以删除括号内的所有内容，但保留括号本身。而<code class="inset">ca)</code>命令，则可以删除括号内的所有内容，以及括号本身。</p>
<p></p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/yyq123/31510001262/in/dateposted/" title="ci("><img src="https://c1.staticflickr.com/1/713/31510001262_856698438c_o.png" width="511" height="137" alt="ci("></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
<p>在某个开括号上，点击<code class="inset">%</code>键，光标将可以自动移动到相对应的闭括号上。通过与编辑命令组合，<code class="inset">c%</code>可以实现与<code class="inset">ca)</code>相同的功能。使用<code class="inset">%</code>命令，必须将光标放在括号之上；而使用<code class="inset">a)</code>命令，则光标可以在括号之上或括号内的任何位置。而且<code class="inset">%</code>命令，也是无法实现用<code class="inset">i)</code>命令效果的。</p>
<p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/yyq123/31488462042/in/dateposted/" title="ca"><img src="https://c3.staticflickr.com/6/5591/31488462042_27b0a4c75f.jpg" width="500" height="117" alt="ca"></a></p>
<p>使用<code class="inset">cit</code>命令，你甚至不用将光标移动到Tag之内，就可以快速修改其中的内容。</p>
<p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/yyq123/31635643735/in/dateposted/" title="cit"><img src="https://c1.staticflickr.com/1/587/31635643735_f3a54a1248_o.png" width="211" height="113" alt="cit"></a></p>
<p>使用<code class="inset">ci"</code>命令，可以快速修改当前行内第一个双引号其中的内容。</p>
<p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/yyq123/32806602031/in/dateposted/" title="cidq"><img src="https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2910/32806602031_f8777582e4_o.png" width="211" height="113" alt="cidq" /></a></p>
<p>使用<code class="inset">ci'</code>命令，可以快速修改当前行内第一个单引号其中的内容。</p>
<p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/yyq123/32549956220/in/dateposted/" title="cisq"><img src="https://c2.staticflickr.com/4/3735/32549956220_de33a01d9a_o.png" width="211" height="113" alt="cisq" /></a></p>
<p style="border-top:1px solid lightgray"><span style="float:right">Ver: 1.1</span><span><<a title="在单词间移动" href="http://yyq123.blogspot.com/2009/02/vim_4321.html">上一篇</a> |<a title="笔记列表" href="http://yyq123.github.com/learn-vim/learn-vi-00-List.html"> 目录 </a>| <a title="滚动屏幕" href="http://yyq123.blogspot.com/2009/02/vim_27.html">下一篇</a>></span></p>
</body>
</html>