ch10third.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "from pandas import DataFrame, Series"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<Hour>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import datetime as datetime\n",
    "from pandas.tseries.offsets import Hour, Minute\n",
    "hour = Hour()\n",
    "hour"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<4 * Hours>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "four_hours = Hour(4)\n",
    "four_hours"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "DatetimeIndex(['2000-01-01 00:00:00', '2000-01-01 04:00:00',\n",
       "               '2000-01-01 08:00:00', '2000-01-01 12:00:00',\n",
       "               '2000-01-01 16:00:00', '2000-01-01 20:00:00',\n",
       "               '2000-01-02 00:00:00', '2000-01-02 04:00:00',\n",
       "               '2000-01-02 08:00:00', '2000-01-02 12:00:00',\n",
       "               '2000-01-02 16:00:00', '2000-01-02 20:00:00',\n",
       "               '2000-01-03 00:00:00', '2000-01-03 04:00:00',\n",
       "               '2000-01-03 08:00:00', '2000-01-03 12:00:00',\n",
       "               '2000-01-03 16:00:00', '2000-01-03 20:00:00'],\n",
       "              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='4H')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pd.date_range('1/1/2000', '1/3/2000 23:59', freq='4h')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<150 * Minutes>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Hour(2) + Minute(30)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "DatetimeIndex(['2000-01-01 00:00:00', '2000-01-01 01:30:00',\n",
       "               '2000-01-01 03:00:00', '2000-01-01 04:30:00',\n",
       "               '2000-01-01 06:00:00', '2000-01-01 07:30:00',\n",
       "               '2000-01-01 09:00:00', '2000-01-01 10:30:00',\n",
       "               '2000-01-01 12:00:00', '2000-01-01 13:30:00'],\n",
       "              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='90T')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pd.date_range('1/1/2000', periods=10, freq='1h30min')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[Timestamp('2012-01-20 00:00:00', offset='WOM-3FRI'),\n",
       " Timestamp('2012-02-17 00:00:00', offset='WOM-3FRI'),\n",
       " Timestamp('2012-03-16 00:00:00', offset='WOM-3FRI'),\n",
       " Timestamp('2012-04-20 00:00:00', offset='WOM-3FRI'),\n",
       " Timestamp('2012-05-18 00:00:00', offset='WOM-3FRI'),\n",
       " Timestamp('2012-06-15 00:00:00', offset='WOM-3FRI'),\n",
       " Timestamp('2012-07-20 00:00:00', offset='WOM-3FRI'),\n",
       " Timestamp('2012-08-17 00:00:00', offset='WOM-3FRI')]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rng = pd.date_range('1/1/2012', '9/1/2012', freq='WOM-3FRI')\n",
    "list(rng)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2000-01-31    1.268283\n",
       "2000-02-29   -0.688223\n",
       "2000-03-31    0.925926\n",
       "2000-04-30   -0.040020\n",
       "Freq: M, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts = Series(np.random.randn(4),\n",
    "           index=pd.date_range('1/1/2000', periods=4, freq='M'))\n",
    "ts"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2000-01-31         NaN\n",
       "2000-02-29         NaN\n",
       "2000-03-31    1.268283\n",
       "2000-04-30   -0.688223\n",
       "Freq: M, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts.shift(2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2000-01-31    0.925926\n",
       "2000-02-29   -0.040020\n",
       "2000-03-31         NaN\n",
       "2000-04-30         NaN\n",
       "Freq: M, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts.shift(-2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2000-01-31         NaN\n",
       "2000-02-29   -1.542641\n",
       "2000-03-31   -2.345388\n",
       "2000-04-30   -1.043222\n",
       "Freq: M, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts / ts.shift(1) - 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2000-03-31    1.268283\n",
       "2000-04-30   -0.688223\n",
       "2000-05-31    0.925926\n",
       "2000-06-30   -0.040020\n",
       "Freq: M, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts.shift(2, freq='M')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2000-02-03    1.268283\n",
       "2000-03-03   -0.688223\n",
       "2000-04-03    0.925926\n",
       "2000-05-03   -0.040020\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts.shift(3, freq='D')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2000-02-03    1.268283\n",
       "2000-03-03   -0.688223\n",
       "2000-04-03    0.925926\n",
       "2000-05-03   -0.040020\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts.shift(1, freq='3D')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2000-01-31 01:30:00    1.268283\n",
       "2000-02-29 01:30:00   -0.688223\n",
       "2000-03-31 01:30:00    0.925926\n",
       "2000-04-30 01:30:00   -0.040020\n",
       "Freq: M, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts.shift(1, freq='90T')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 通过偏移量对日期进行位移 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Timestamp('2011-11-20 00:00:00')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from datetime import datetime\n",
    "from pandas.tseries.offsets import Day, MonthEnd\n",
    "now = datetime(2011, 11, 17)\n",
    "now + 3 * Day()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Timestamp('2011-11-30 00:00:00')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "now + MonthEnd()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Timestamp('2011-12-31 00:00:00')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "now + MonthEnd(2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Timestamp('2011-12-31 00:00:00')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "now + 2 * MonthEnd()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Timestamp('2011-11-30 00:00:00')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "offset = MonthEnd()\n",
    "offset.rollforward(now)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Timestamp('2011-10-31 00:00:00')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "offset.rollback(now)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2000-01-31   -0.498757\n",
       "2000-02-29    0.040570\n",
       "2000-03-31    0.654397\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts = Series(np.random.randn(20),\n",
    "           index=pd.date_range('1/15/2000', periods=20, freq='4d'))\n",
    "ts.groupby(offset.rollforward).mean()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2000-01-31   -0.498757\n",
       "2000-02-29    0.040570\n",
       "2000-03-31    0.654397\n",
       "Freq: M, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts.resample('M').mean()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "####时区 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['US/Eastern', 'US/Hawaii', 'US/Mountain', 'US/Pacific', 'UTC']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import pytz\n",
    "pytz.common_timezones[-5:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<DstTzInfo 'US/Eastern' LMT-1 day, 19:04:00 STD>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tz = pytz.timezone('US/Eastern')\n",
    "tz"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "None\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rng = pd.date_range('3/9/2012 9:30', periods=6, freq='D')\n",
    "ts = Series(np.random.randn(len(rng)), index=rng)\n",
    "print(ts.index.tz)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "DatetimeIndex(['2012-03-09 09:30:00+00:00', '2012-03-10 09:30:00+00:00',\n",
       "               '2012-03-11 09:30:00+00:00', '2012-03-12 09:30:00+00:00',\n",
       "               '2012-03-13 09:30:00+00:00', '2012-03-14 09:30:00+00:00',\n",
       "               '2012-03-15 09:30:00+00:00', '2012-03-16 09:30:00+00:00',\n",
       "               '2012-03-17 09:30:00+00:00', '2012-03-18 09:30:00+00:00'],\n",
       "              dtype='datetime64[ns, UTC]', freq='D')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pd.date_range('3/9/2012 9:30', periods=10, freq='D', tz='UTC')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2012-03-09 09:30:00+00:00   -0.463406\n",
       "2012-03-10 09:30:00+00:00   -0.583775\n",
       "2012-03-11 09:30:00+00:00    0.986700\n",
       "2012-03-12 09:30:00+00:00    1.167509\n",
       "2012-03-13 09:30:00+00:00   -0.128039\n",
       "2012-03-14 09:30:00+00:00    1.763953\n",
       "Freq: D, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts_utc = ts.tz_localize('UTC')\n",
    "ts_utc"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "DatetimeIndex(['2012-03-09 09:30:00+00:00', '2012-03-10 09:30:00+00:00',\n",
       "               '2012-03-11 09:30:00+00:00', '2012-03-12 09:30:00+00:00',\n",
       "               '2012-03-13 09:30:00+00:00', '2012-03-14 09:30:00+00:00'],\n",
       "              dtype='datetime64[ns, UTC]', freq='D')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts_utc.index"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2012-03-09 04:30:00-05:00   -0.463406\n",
       "2012-03-10 04:30:00-05:00   -0.583775\n",
       "2012-03-11 05:30:00-04:00    0.986700\n",
       "2012-03-12 05:30:00-04:00    1.167509\n",
       "2012-03-13 05:30:00-04:00   -0.128039\n",
       "2012-03-14 05:30:00-04:00    1.763953\n",
       "Freq: D, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts_utc.tz_convert('US/Eastern')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2012-03-09 14:30:00+00:00   -0.463406\n",
       "2012-03-10 14:30:00+00:00   -0.583775\n",
       "2012-03-11 13:30:00+00:00    0.986700\n",
       "2012-03-12 13:30:00+00:00    1.167509\n",
       "2012-03-13 13:30:00+00:00   -0.128039\n",
       "2012-03-14 13:30:00+00:00    1.763953\n",
       "Freq: D, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts_eastern = ts.tz_localize('US/Eastern')\n",
    "ts_eastern.tz_convert('UTC')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2012-03-09 15:30:00+01:00   -0.463406\n",
       "2012-03-10 15:30:00+01:00   -0.583775\n",
       "2012-03-11 14:30:00+01:00    0.986700\n",
       "2012-03-12 14:30:00+01:00    1.167509\n",
       "2012-03-13 14:30:00+01:00   -0.128039\n",
       "2012-03-14 14:30:00+01:00    1.763953\n",
       "Freq: D, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts_eastern.tz_convert('Europe/Berlin')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2012-03-09 22:30:00+08:00   -0.463406\n",
       "2012-03-10 22:30:00+08:00   -0.583775\n",
       "2012-03-11 21:30:00+08:00    0.986700\n",
       "2012-03-12 21:30:00+08:00    1.167509\n",
       "2012-03-13 21:30:00+08:00   -0.128039\n",
       "2012-03-14 21:30:00+08:00    1.763953\n",
       "Freq: D, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts_eastern.tz_convert('Asia/Shanghai')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "DatetimeIndex(['2012-03-09 09:30:00+08:00', '2012-03-10 09:30:00+08:00',\n",
       "               '2012-03-11 09:30:00+08:00', '2012-03-12 09:30:00+08:00',\n",
       "               '2012-03-13 09:30:00+08:00', '2012-03-14 09:30:00+08:00'],\n",
       "              dtype='datetime64[ns, Asia/Shanghai]', freq='D')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts.index.tz_localize('Asia/Shanghai')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Timestamp('2011-03-11 23:00:00-0500', tz='US/Eastern')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "stamp = pd.Timestamp('2011-03-12 04:00')\n",
    "stamp_utc = stamp.tz_localize('utc')\n",
    "stamp_utc.tz_convert('US/Eastern')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Timestamp('2011-03-12 04:00:00+0300', tz='Europe/Moscow')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "stamp_moscow = pd.Timestamp('2011-03-12 04:00', tz='Europe/Moscow')\n",
    "stamp_moscow"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1299902400000000000L"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "stamp_utc.value"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1299902400000000000L"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "stamp_utc.tz_convert('US/Eastern').value"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Timestamp('2012-03-11 01:30:00-0500', tz='US/Eastern')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 夏令时转变前30分钟\n",
    "from pandas.tseries.offsets import Hour\n",
    "stamp = pd.Timestamp('2012-03-11 01:30', tz='US/Eastern')\n",
    "stamp"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Timestamp('2012-03-11 03:30:00-0400', tz='US/Eastern')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "stamp + Hour()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Timestamp('2012-11-04 00:30:00-0400', tz='US/Eastern')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 夏令时转变前90分钟\n",
    "stamp = pd.Timestamp('2012-11-04 00:30', tz='US/Eastern')\n",
    "stamp"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Timestamp('2012-11-04 01:30:00-0500', tz='US/Eastern')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 42,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "stamp + 2 * Hour()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2012-03-07 09:30:00    1.847267\n",
       "2012-03-08 09:30:00    0.981012\n",
       "2012-03-09 09:30:00    0.725554\n",
       "2012-03-12 09:30:00    0.606718\n",
       "2012-03-13 09:30:00    0.152469\n",
       "2012-03-14 09:30:00   -0.627997\n",
       "2012-03-15 09:30:00    1.351002\n",
       "2012-03-16 09:30:00   -1.670083\n",
       "2012-03-19 09:30:00   -0.736366\n",
       "2012-03-20 09:30:00    0.784309\n",
       "Freq: B, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rng = pd.date_range('3/7/2012 9:30', periods=10, freq='B')\n",
    "ts = Series(np.random.randn(len(rng)), index=rng)\n",
    "ts"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "DatetimeIndex(['2012-03-07 09:30:00+00:00', '2012-03-08 09:30:00+00:00',\n",
       "               '2012-03-09 09:30:00+00:00', '2012-03-12 09:30:00+00:00',\n",
       "               '2012-03-13 09:30:00+00:00', '2012-03-14 09:30:00+00:00',\n",
       "               '2012-03-15 09:30:00+00:00'],\n",
       "              dtype='datetime64[ns, UTC]', freq='B')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 44,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts1 = ts[:7].tz_localize('Europe/London')\n",
    "ts2 = ts1[2:].tz_convert('Europe/Moscow')\n",
    "result = ts1 + ts2\n",
    "result.index"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Period('2007', 'A-DEC')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p = pd.Period(2007, freq='A-DEC')\n",
    "p"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Period('2012', 'A-DEC')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p+5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Period('2005', 'A-DEC')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 47,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p - 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "7L"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pd.Period('2014', freq='A-DEC') - p"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "PeriodIndex(['2000-01', '2000-02', '2000-03', '2000-04', '2000-05', '2000-06'], dtype='int64', freq='M')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 49,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rng = pd.period_range('1/1/2000', '6/30/2000', freq='M')\n",
    "rng"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2000-01   -1.367498\n",
       "2000-02   -2.507039\n",
       "2000-03    0.356113\n",
       "2000-04    0.939846\n",
       "2000-05   -1.222235\n",
       "2000-06   -0.970231\n",
       "Freq: M, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 50,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Series(np.random.randn(6), index=rng)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "PeriodIndex(['2001Q3', '2002Q2', '2003Q1'], dtype='int64', freq='Q-DEC')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "values = ['2001Q3', '2002Q2', '2003Q1']\n",
    "index = pd.PeriodIndex(values, freq='Q-DEC')\n",
    "index"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Period('2007-01', 'M')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 52,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p = pd.Period('2007', freq='A-DEC')\n",
    "p.asfreq('M', how='start')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Period('2007-12', 'M')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 53,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p.asfreq('M', how='end')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Period('2006-07', 'M')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 54,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p = pd.Period('2007', freq='A-JUN')\n",
    "p.asfreq('M', 'start')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Period('2007-06', 'M')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 55,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p.asfreq('M', 'end')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Period('2008', 'A-JUN')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 56,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p = pd.Period('2007-08', 'M')\n",
    "p.asfreq('A-JUN')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2006    0.115057\n",
       "2007    1.381682\n",
       "2008    0.196668\n",
       "2009   -1.867623\n",
       "Freq: A-DEC, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 57,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rng = pd.period_range('2006', '2009', freq='A-DEC')\n",
    "ts = Series(np.random.randn(len(rng)), index=rng)\n",
    "ts"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2006-01    0.115057\n",
       "2007-01    1.381682\n",
       "2008-01    0.196668\n",
       "2009-01   -1.867623\n",
       "Freq: M, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 58,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts.asfreq('M', how='start')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2006-12-29    0.115057\n",
       "2007-12-31    1.381682\n",
       "2008-12-31    0.196668\n",
       "2009-12-31   -1.867623\n",
       "Freq: B, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 59,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts.asfreq('B', how='end')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Period('2012Q4', 'Q-JAN')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 60,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p = pd.Period('2012Q4', freq='Q-JAN')\n",
    "p"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Period('2011-11-01', 'D')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 61,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p.asfreq('D', 'start')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Period('2012-01-31', 'D')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 62,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p.asfreq('D', 'end')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Period('2012-01-30 16:00', 'T')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 63,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p4pm = (p.asfreq('B', 'e') - 1).asfreq('T', 's') + 16 * 60\n",
    "p4pm"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Timestamp('2012-01-30 16:00:00')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 64,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p4pm.to_timestamp()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 65,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2011Q3    0\n",
       "2011Q4    1\n",
       "2012Q1    2\n",
       "2012Q2    3\n",
       "2012Q3    4\n",
       "2012Q4    5\n",
       "Freq: Q-JAN, dtype: int32"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 65,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rng = pd.period_range('2011Q3', '2012Q4', freq='Q-JAN')\n",
    "ts = Series(np.arange(len(rng)), index=rng)\n",
    "ts"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 66,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2010-10-28 16:00:00    0\n",
       "2011-01-28 16:00:00    1\n",
       "2011-04-28 16:00:00    2\n",
       "2011-07-28 16:00:00    3\n",
       "2011-10-28 16:00:00    4\n",
       "2012-01-30 16:00:00    5\n",
       "dtype: int32"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 66,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "new_rng = (rng.asfreq('B', 'e') - 1).asfreq('T', 's') + 16 * 60\n",
    "ts.index = new_rng.to_timestamp()\n",
    "ts"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 71,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2000-01-31    1.579485\n",
       "2000-02-29   -2.749163\n",
       "2000-03-31   -0.245995\n",
       "Freq: M, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 71,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rng = pd.date_range('1/1/2000', periods=3, freq='M')\n",
    "ts = Series(np.random.randn(3), index=rng)\n",
    "pts = ts.to_period()\n",
    "ts"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2000-01    1.579485\n",
       "2000-02   -2.749163\n",
       "2000-03   -0.245995\n",
       "Freq: M, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 72,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pts"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2000-01   -0.415081\n",
       "2000-01   -1.112510\n",
       "2000-01    0.018112\n",
       "2000-02   -0.463518\n",
       "2000-02    0.231962\n",
       "2000-02   -0.974565\n",
       "Freq: M, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 73,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rng = pd.date_range('1/29/2000', periods=6, freq='D')\n",
    "ts2 = Series(np.random.randn(6), index=rng)\n",
    "ts2.to_period('M')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2000-01-29   -0.415081\n",
       "2000-01-30   -1.112510\n",
       "2000-01-31    0.018112\n",
       "2000-02-01   -0.463518\n",
       "2000-02-02    0.231962\n",
       "2000-02-03   -0.974565\n",
       "Freq: D, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 74,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts2.to_period()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 75,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2000-01-29 00:00   -0.415081\n",
       "2000-01-30 00:00   -1.112510\n",
       "2000-01-31 00:00    0.018112\n",
       "2000-02-01 00:00   -0.463518\n",
       "2000-02-02 00:00    0.231962\n",
       "2000-02-03 00:00   -0.974565\n",
       "Freq: H, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 75,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ts2.to_period('H')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 76,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2000-01    1.579485\n",
       "2000-02   -2.749163\n",
       "2000-03   -0.245995\n",
       "Freq: M, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 76,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pts = ts.to_period()\n",
    "pts"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 77,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2000-01-31    1.579485\n",
       "2000-02-29   -2.749163\n",
       "2000-03-31   -0.245995\n",
       "Freq: M, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 77,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pts.to_timestamp(how='end')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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