samplepractice

import math

# Program 1: Sum of Natural Numbers
n = int(input("Enter a positive integer: "))
sum_of_numbers = (n * (n + 1)) // 2
print("Sum of natural numbers up to", n, "is", sum_of_numbers)

# Program 2: Reverse a String
string = input("Enter a string: ")
reversed_string = string[::-1]
print("Reversed string:", reversed_string)

# Program 3: Count Vowels in a String
string = input("Enter a string: ")
vowels = 'aeiou'
count = sum(1 for char in string if char.lower() in vowels)
print("Number of vowels:", count)

# Program 4: Calculate Area of a Circle
radius = float(input("Enter the radius of the circle: "))
area = math.pi * radius ** 2
print("Area of the circle:", area)

# Program 5: Check if a Year is a Leap Year
year = int(input("Enter a year: "))
is_leap_year = (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0)
print(year, "is a leap year:", is_leap_year)

# Program 6: Calculate GCD (Greatest Common Divisor)
def gcd(a, b):
   while b:
       a, b = b, a % b
   return a

num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))
print("GCD of", num1, "and", num2, "is", gcd(num1, num2))

# Program 7: Find the Largest Number in a List
numbers = [int(x) for x in input("Enter numbers separated by space: ").split()]
largest = max(numbers)
print("Largest number:", largest)

# Program 8: Calculate Factorial Using Recursion
def factorial(n):
   return 1 if n == 0 else n * factorial(n - 1)

num = int(input("Enter a non-negative integer: "))
print("Factorial of", num, "is", factorial(num))

# Program 9: Check if a Number is Armstrong Number
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
num_str = str(num)
num_digits = len(num_str)
armstrong_sum = sum(int(digit) ** num_digits for digit in num_str)
is_armstrong = armstrong_sum == num
print(num, "is an Armstrong number:", is_armstrong)

# Program 10: Check if a String is a Palindrome
string = input("Enter a string: ")
is_palindrome = string == string[::-1]
print("Is Palindrome:", is_palindrome)


# Program 11: Check if a Number is Prime
def is_prime(num):
    if num < 2:
        return False
    for i in range(2, int(num ** 0.5) + 1):
        if num % i == 0:
            return False
    return True

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print(number, "is prime:", is_prime(number))

# Program 12: Swap Two Variables
a = input("Enter the value of a: ")
b = input("Enter the value of b: ")
print("Before swapping: a =", a, ", b =", b)
a, b = b, a
print("After swapping: a =", a, ", b =", b)

# Program 13: Calculate Simple Interest
principal = float(input("Enter principal amount: "))
rate = float(input("Enter rate of interest: "))
time = float(input("Enter time period (in years): "))
simple_interest = (principal * rate * time) / 100
print("Simple interest:", simple_interest)

# Program 14: Check if a Number is Odd or Even
number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if number % 2 == 0:
    print(number, "is even.")
else:
    print(number, "is odd.")

# Program 15: Generate Fibonacci Series
n = int(input("Enter the number of terms: "))
a, b = 0, 1
fibonacci_series = [a, b]
for _ in range(n - 2):
    a, b = b, a + b
    fibonacci_series.append(b)
print("Fibonacci series:", fibonacci_series)

# Program 16: Calculate Power of a Number
base = float(input("Enter the base: "))
exponent = int(input("Enter the exponent: "))
power = base ** exponent
print("Result:", power)

# Program 17: Calculate Square Root of a Number
num = float(input("Enter a number: "))
if num >= 0:
    sqrt = num ** 0.5
    print("Square root:", sqrt)
else:
    print("Cannot calculate square root of a negative number.")

# Program 18: Find Minimum and Maximum Element in a List
numbers = [int(x) for x in input("Enter numbers separated by space: ").split()]
minimum = min(numbers)
maximum = max(numbers)
print("Minimum:", minimum, ", Maximum:", maximum)

# Program 19: Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
celsius = float(input("Enter temperature in Celsius: "))
fahrenheit = (celsius * 9/5) + 32
print("Temperature in Fahrenheit:", fahrenheit)

# Program 20: Count Characters in a String
string = input("Enter a string: ")
char_count = {}
for char in string:
    char_count[char] = char_count.get(char, 0) + 1
print("Character count:", char_count)




# Program 21: Check if a Number is Positive, Negative, or Zero
number = float(input("Enter a number: "))
if number > 0:
    print("Positive number.")
elif number < 0:
    print("Negative number.")
else:
    print("Zero.")

# Program 22: Find LCM (Least Common Multiple) of Two Numbers
def lcm(a, b):
    gcd = math.gcd(a, b)
    return (a * b) // gcd

num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))
print("LCM of", num1, "and", num2, "is", lcm(num1, num2))

# Program 23: Count Digits in a Number
number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
num_digits = len(str(abs(number)))
print("Number of digits:", num_digits)

# Program 24: Check if a Number is Perfect Number
def is_perfect(num):
    divisor_sum = sum(i for i in range(1, num) if num % i == 0)
    return num == divisor_sum

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print(number, "is a perfect number:", is_perfect(number))

# Program 25: Remove Duplicate Elements from a List
def remove_duplicates(lst):
    return list(set(lst))

elements = [int(x) for x in input("Enter elements separated by space: ").split()]
unique_elements = remove_duplicates(elements)
print("List after removing duplicates:", unique_elements)

# Program 26: Check if a Year is a Leap Year (using calendar module)
import calendar

year = int(input("Enter a year: "))
is_leap_year = calendar.isleap(year)
print(year, "is a leap year:", is_leap_year)

# Program 27: Reverse a List
def reverse_list(lst):
    return lst[::-1]

elements = [int(x) for x in input("Enter elements separated by space: ").split()]
reversed_elements = reverse_list(elements)
print("Reversed list:", reversed_elements)

# Program 28: Calculate Median of a List
def calculate_median(lst):
    sorted_lst = sorted(lst)
    n = len(sorted_lst)
    if n % 2 == 0:
        return (sorted_lst[n//2 - 1] + sorted_lst[n//2]) / 2
    else:
        return sorted_lst[n//2]

elements = [int(x) for x in input("Enter elements separated by space: ").split()]
median = calculate_median(elements)
print("Median of the list:", median)

# Program 29: Calculate Exponential of a Number
base = float(input("Enter the base: "))
exponent = float(input("Enter the exponent: "))
exponential = base ** exponent
print("Result:", exponential)

# Program 30: Find Sum of Squares of First N Natural Numbers
n = int(input("Enter a positive integer: "))
sum_of_squares = (n * (n + 1) * (2 * n + 1)) // 6
print("Sum of squares of first", n, "natural numbers:", sum_of_squares)

# Program 31: Check if a String is Anagram
def is_anagram(str1, str2):
    return sorted(str1.lower()) == sorted(str2.lower())

string1 = input("Enter the first string: ")
string2 = input("Enter the second string: ")
print("Are the strings anagrams:", is_anagram(string1, string2))

# Program 32: Check if a String is Pangram
def is_pangram(string):
    alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
    return set(alphabet) <= set(string.lower())

sentence = input("Enter a sentence: ")
print("Is the sentence a pangram:", is_pangram(sentence))

# Program 33: Calculate Compound Interest
def compound_interest(principal, rate, time):
    amount = principal * (1 + rate / 100) ** time
    return amount - principal

principal = float(input("Enter principal amount: "))
rate = float(input("Enter rate of interest: "))
time = float(input("Enter time period (in years): "))
interest = compound_interest(principal, rate, time)
print("Compound interest:", interest)

# Program 34: Find ASCII Value of a Character
char = input("Enter a character: ")
ascii_value = ord(char)
print("ASCII value of", char, "is", ascii_value)

# Program 35: Convert Decimal to Binary
decimal = int(input("Enter a decimal number: "))
binary = bin(decimal)[2:]
print("Binary representation:", binary)

# Program 36: Convert Decimal to Octal
decimal = int(input("Enter a decimal number: "))
octal = oct(decimal)[2:]
print("Octal representation:", octal)

# Program 37: Convert Decimal to Hexadecimal
decimal = int(input("Enter a decimal number: "))
hexadecimal = hex(decimal)[2:]
print("Hexadecimal representation:", hexadecimal)

# Program 38: Calculate HCF (Highest Common Factor) of Two Numbers
def hcf(a, b):
    while b:
        a, b = b, a % b
    return a

num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))
print("HCF of", num1, "and", num2, "is", hcf(num1, num2))

# Program 39: Check if a String is a Palindrome (ignoring punctuation and spaces)
import re

def is_palindrome(string):
    clean_string = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z]', '', string).lower()
    return clean_string == clean_string[::-1]

string = input("Enter a string: ")
print("Is Palindrome (ignoring punctuation and spaces):", is_palindrome(string))

# Program 40: Merge Two Sorted Lists
def merge_lists(list1, list2):
    merged_list = sorted(list1 + list2)
    return merged_list

list1 = [int(x) for x in input("Enter elements of first list separated by space: ").split()]
list2 = [int(x) for x in input("Enter elements of second list separated by space: ").split()]
merged_list = merge_lists(list1, list2)
print("Merged list:", merged_list)