diff --git a/autogen/main/cluster.tf.tmpl b/autogen/main/cluster.tf.tmpl
index d997ac407b..6261a06406 100644
--- a/autogen/main/cluster.tf.tmpl
+++ b/autogen/main/cluster.tf.tmpl
@@ -1111,6 +1111,7 @@ resource "google_container_node_pool" "windows_pools" {
       for_each = length(merge(
         local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls["all"],
         local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls[each.value["name"]],
+        local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"] == "" ? {} : { cgroup = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"] },
         local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] == "" ? {} : {cgroup = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]]}
       )) != 0 ? [1] : []
 
@@ -1119,7 +1120,7 @@ resource "google_container_node_pool" "windows_pools" {
           local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls["all"],
           local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls[each.value["name"]]
         )
-        cgroup_mode = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] == "" ? null : local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]]
+        cgroup_mode = coalesce(local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]], local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"], null)
       }
     }
     {% endif %}
diff --git a/autogen/main/variables_defaults.tf.tmpl b/autogen/main/variables_defaults.tf.tmpl
index 8d771e2dc5..0348cc8c1f 100644
--- a/autogen/main/variables_defaults.tf.tmpl
+++ b/autogen/main/variables_defaults.tf.tmpl
@@ -128,14 +128,15 @@ locals {
     ),
     var.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls
   )
-   node_pools_cgroup_mode = merge(
-    { all = "" },
-    { default-node-pool = "" },
-    zipmap(
-      [for node_pool in var.node_pools : node_pool["name"]],
-      [for node_pool in var.node_pools : ""]
-    ),
-    var.node_pools_cgroup_mode
+
+  node_pools_cgroup_mode = merge(
+   { all = "" },
+   { default-node-pool = "" },
+   zipmap(
+     [for node_pool in var.node_pools : node_pool["name"]],
+     [for node_pool in var.node_pools : ""]
+   ),
+   var.node_pools_cgroup_mode
   )
 }
 {% endif %}
diff --git a/cluster.tf b/cluster.tf
index d53799e500..c241aef605 100644
--- a/cluster.tf
+++ b/cluster.tf
@@ -804,6 +804,7 @@ resource "google_container_node_pool" "pools" {
       for_each = length(merge(
         local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls["all"],
         local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls[each.value["name"]],
+        local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"] == "" ? {} : { cgroup = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"] },
         local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] == "" ? {} : { cgroup = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] }
       )) != 0 ? [1] : []
 
@@ -812,7 +813,7 @@ resource "google_container_node_pool" "pools" {
           local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls["all"],
           local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls[each.value["name"]]
         )
-        cgroup_mode = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] == "" ? null : local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]]
+        cgroup_mode = coalesce(local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]], local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"], null)
       }
     }
 
diff --git a/examples/node_pool/main.tf b/examples/node_pool/main.tf
index 3713311de6..a15ba27e46 100644
--- a/examples/node_pool/main.tf
+++ b/examples/node_pool/main.tf
@@ -150,4 +150,9 @@ module "gke" {
       "net.core.netdev_max_backlog" = "20000"
     }
   }
+
+  node_pools_cgroup_mode = {
+    all     = "CGROUP_MODE_V1"
+    pool-01 = "CGROUP_MODE_V2"
+  }
 }
diff --git a/modules/beta-private-cluster-update-variant/cluster.tf b/modules/beta-private-cluster-update-variant/cluster.tf
index 3fec97d43a..f86cd27458 100644
--- a/modules/beta-private-cluster-update-variant/cluster.tf
+++ b/modules/beta-private-cluster-update-variant/cluster.tf
@@ -975,6 +975,7 @@ resource "google_container_node_pool" "pools" {
       for_each = length(merge(
         local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls["all"],
         local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls[each.value["name"]],
+        local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"] == "" ? {} : { cgroup = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"] },
         local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] == "" ? {} : { cgroup = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] }
       )) != 0 ? [1] : []
 
@@ -983,7 +984,7 @@ resource "google_container_node_pool" "pools" {
           local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls["all"],
           local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls[each.value["name"]]
         )
-        cgroup_mode = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] == "" ? null : local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]]
+        cgroup_mode = coalesce(local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]], local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"], null)
       }
     }
 
diff --git a/modules/beta-private-cluster-update-variant/variables_defaults.tf b/modules/beta-private-cluster-update-variant/variables_defaults.tf
index c33f3828e7..5c7f51b42f 100644
--- a/modules/beta-private-cluster-update-variant/variables_defaults.tf
+++ b/modules/beta-private-cluster-update-variant/variables_defaults.tf
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ locals {
     ),
     var.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls
   )
+
   node_pools_cgroup_mode = merge(
     { all = "" },
     { default-node-pool = "" },
diff --git a/modules/beta-private-cluster/cluster.tf b/modules/beta-private-cluster/cluster.tf
index 73d12ec042..2a2362e60d 100644
--- a/modules/beta-private-cluster/cluster.tf
+++ b/modules/beta-private-cluster/cluster.tf
@@ -894,6 +894,7 @@ resource "google_container_node_pool" "pools" {
       for_each = length(merge(
         local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls["all"],
         local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls[each.value["name"]],
+        local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"] == "" ? {} : { cgroup = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"] },
         local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] == "" ? {} : { cgroup = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] }
       )) != 0 ? [1] : []
 
@@ -902,7 +903,7 @@ resource "google_container_node_pool" "pools" {
           local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls["all"],
           local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls[each.value["name"]]
         )
-        cgroup_mode = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] == "" ? null : local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]]
+        cgroup_mode = coalesce(local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]], local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"], null)
       }
     }
 
diff --git a/modules/beta-private-cluster/variables_defaults.tf b/modules/beta-private-cluster/variables_defaults.tf
index c33f3828e7..5c7f51b42f 100644
--- a/modules/beta-private-cluster/variables_defaults.tf
+++ b/modules/beta-private-cluster/variables_defaults.tf
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ locals {
     ),
     var.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls
   )
+
   node_pools_cgroup_mode = merge(
     { all = "" },
     { default-node-pool = "" },
diff --git a/modules/beta-public-cluster-update-variant/cluster.tf b/modules/beta-public-cluster-update-variant/cluster.tf
index 057e419081..2fd7580755 100644
--- a/modules/beta-public-cluster-update-variant/cluster.tf
+++ b/modules/beta-public-cluster-update-variant/cluster.tf
@@ -945,6 +945,7 @@ resource "google_container_node_pool" "pools" {
       for_each = length(merge(
         local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls["all"],
         local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls[each.value["name"]],
+        local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"] == "" ? {} : { cgroup = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"] },
         local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] == "" ? {} : { cgroup = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] }
       )) != 0 ? [1] : []
 
@@ -953,7 +954,7 @@ resource "google_container_node_pool" "pools" {
           local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls["all"],
           local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls[each.value["name"]]
         )
-        cgroup_mode = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] == "" ? null : local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]]
+        cgroup_mode = coalesce(local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]], local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"], null)
       }
     }
 
diff --git a/modules/beta-public-cluster-update-variant/variables_defaults.tf b/modules/beta-public-cluster-update-variant/variables_defaults.tf
index c33f3828e7..5c7f51b42f 100644
--- a/modules/beta-public-cluster-update-variant/variables_defaults.tf
+++ b/modules/beta-public-cluster-update-variant/variables_defaults.tf
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ locals {
     ),
     var.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls
   )
+
   node_pools_cgroup_mode = merge(
     { all = "" },
     { default-node-pool = "" },
diff --git a/modules/beta-public-cluster/cluster.tf b/modules/beta-public-cluster/cluster.tf
index 42a350b6ba..ae1d831ccb 100644
--- a/modules/beta-public-cluster/cluster.tf
+++ b/modules/beta-public-cluster/cluster.tf
@@ -864,6 +864,7 @@ resource "google_container_node_pool" "pools" {
       for_each = length(merge(
         local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls["all"],
         local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls[each.value["name"]],
+        local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"] == "" ? {} : { cgroup = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"] },
         local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] == "" ? {} : { cgroup = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] }
       )) != 0 ? [1] : []
 
@@ -872,7 +873,7 @@ resource "google_container_node_pool" "pools" {
           local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls["all"],
           local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls[each.value["name"]]
         )
-        cgroup_mode = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] == "" ? null : local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]]
+        cgroup_mode = coalesce(local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]], local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"], null)
       }
     }
 
diff --git a/modules/beta-public-cluster/variables_defaults.tf b/modules/beta-public-cluster/variables_defaults.tf
index c33f3828e7..5c7f51b42f 100644
--- a/modules/beta-public-cluster/variables_defaults.tf
+++ b/modules/beta-public-cluster/variables_defaults.tf
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ locals {
     ),
     var.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls
   )
+
   node_pools_cgroup_mode = merge(
     { all = "" },
     { default-node-pool = "" },
diff --git a/modules/private-cluster-update-variant/cluster.tf b/modules/private-cluster-update-variant/cluster.tf
index fa03099a0c..104b69aed6 100644
--- a/modules/private-cluster-update-variant/cluster.tf
+++ b/modules/private-cluster-update-variant/cluster.tf
@@ -914,6 +914,7 @@ resource "google_container_node_pool" "pools" {
       for_each = length(merge(
         local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls["all"],
         local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls[each.value["name"]],
+        local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"] == "" ? {} : { cgroup = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"] },
         local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] == "" ? {} : { cgroup = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] }
       )) != 0 ? [1] : []
 
@@ -922,7 +923,7 @@ resource "google_container_node_pool" "pools" {
           local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls["all"],
           local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls[each.value["name"]]
         )
-        cgroup_mode = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] == "" ? null : local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]]
+        cgroup_mode = coalesce(local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]], local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"], null)
       }
     }
 
diff --git a/modules/private-cluster-update-variant/variables_defaults.tf b/modules/private-cluster-update-variant/variables_defaults.tf
index c33f3828e7..5c7f51b42f 100644
--- a/modules/private-cluster-update-variant/variables_defaults.tf
+++ b/modules/private-cluster-update-variant/variables_defaults.tf
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ locals {
     ),
     var.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls
   )
+
   node_pools_cgroup_mode = merge(
     { all = "" },
     { default-node-pool = "" },
diff --git a/modules/private-cluster/cluster.tf b/modules/private-cluster/cluster.tf
index 3ca8117ae6..c81cf14264 100644
--- a/modules/private-cluster/cluster.tf
+++ b/modules/private-cluster/cluster.tf
@@ -834,6 +834,7 @@ resource "google_container_node_pool" "pools" {
       for_each = length(merge(
         local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls["all"],
         local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls[each.value["name"]],
+        local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"] == "" ? {} : { cgroup = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"] },
         local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] == "" ? {} : { cgroup = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] }
       )) != 0 ? [1] : []
 
@@ -842,7 +843,7 @@ resource "google_container_node_pool" "pools" {
           local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls["all"],
           local.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls[each.value["name"]]
         )
-        cgroup_mode = local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]] == "" ? null : local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]]
+        cgroup_mode = coalesce(local.node_pools_cgroup_mode[each.value["name"]], local.node_pools_cgroup_mode["all"], null)
       }
     }
 
diff --git a/modules/private-cluster/variables_defaults.tf b/modules/private-cluster/variables_defaults.tf
index c33f3828e7..5c7f51b42f 100644
--- a/modules/private-cluster/variables_defaults.tf
+++ b/modules/private-cluster/variables_defaults.tf
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ locals {
     ),
     var.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls
   )
+
   node_pools_cgroup_mode = merge(
     { all = "" },
     { default-node-pool = "" },
diff --git a/test/integration/node_pool/testdata/TestNodePool.json b/test/integration/node_pool/testdata/TestNodePool.json
index 413d0ce050..2175d01c60 100644
--- a/test/integration/node_pool/testdata/TestNodePool.json
+++ b/test/integration/node_pool/testdata/TestNodePool.json
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@
       "config": {
         "diskSizeGb": 100,
         "diskType": "pd-standard",
-        "effectiveCgroupMode": "EFFECTIVE_CGROUP_MODE_V2",
+        "effectiveCgroupMode": "EFFECTIVE_CGROUP_MODE_V1",
         "imageType": "COS_CONTAINERD",
         "machineType": "e2-medium",
         "metadata": {
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@
         ],
         "diskSizeGb": 30,
         "diskType": "pd-standard",
-        "effectiveCgroupMode": "EFFECTIVE_CGROUP_MODE_V2",
+        "effectiveCgroupMode": "EFFECTIVE_CGROUP_MODE_V1",
         "imageType": "COS_CONTAINERD",
         "labels": {
           "all-pools-example": "true",
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@
       "config": {
         "diskSizeGb": 100,
         "diskType": "pd-standard",
-        "effectiveCgroupMode": "EFFECTIVE_CGROUP_MODE_V2",
+        "effectiveCgroupMode": "EFFECTIVE_CGROUP_MODE_V1",
         "imageType": "COS_CONTAINERD",
         "kubeletConfig": {
           "cpuCfsQuota": true,
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@
       "config": {
         "diskSizeGb": 100,
         "diskType": "pd-standard",
-        "effectiveCgroupMode": "EFFECTIVE_CGROUP_MODE_V2",
+        "effectiveCgroupMode": "EFFECTIVE_CGROUP_MODE_V1",
         "imageType": "COS_CONTAINERD",
         "labels": {
           "all-pools-example": "true",
@@ -698,7 +698,7 @@
         },
         "diskSizeGb": 100,
         "diskType": "pd-standard",
-        "effectiveCgroupMode": "EFFECTIVE_CGROUP_MODE_V2",
+        "effectiveCgroupMode": "EFFECTIVE_CGROUP_MODE_V1",
         "imageType": "COS_CONTAINERD",
         "labels": {
           "all-pools-example": "true",
diff --git a/variables_defaults.tf b/variables_defaults.tf
index c33f3828e7..5c7f51b42f 100644
--- a/variables_defaults.tf
+++ b/variables_defaults.tf
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ locals {
     ),
     var.node_pools_linux_node_configs_sysctls
   )
+
   node_pools_cgroup_mode = merge(
     { all = "" },
     { default-node-pool = "" },