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buildspace Solana NFT Drop Project

Welcome 👋

Our goal for this project is to build a web application that lets a user connect their wallet, request an NFT, minting the NFT, and receiving the NFT from our collection.

The following will be the notes and interesting stuff I came across while working on this project.

Notes 📝

Metaplex

Metaplex is the NFT standard that Solana uses to create and mint NFTS. Unlike Ethereum, where we would have to create and deploy our own OpenZeppelin ERC-721 NFT contract and then call the mint function on our contract to mint an NFT, with Metaplex we don't need to create and deploy our own contracts to mint. Metaplex has already done this for us. As a developer we can interact with these standard NFT contracts and build our own collection on it.

The Metaplex CLI makes it simple to tell Candymachine what NFT's we are going to upload and all its details. Since an NFT is only a JSON and an asset, Metaplex makes it easy and allows us to upload all NFT's together in one command. It will take the data in the JSON and store it on-chain for us.

Candy Machine 🍭

Candy Machine is an on chain Solana program that governs fair mints. This means that the system won't accept funds if they are out of NFT's to sell and start and finish is the same for everyone. Due to Solonas parallel computing nature, Candy Machine is able to handle edge cases.

For example, if there is one NFT left and person A and person B clicked mint at the same time. Candy Machine handles these problems for us.

Deploying Your NFT's 🚀

Deploying is a 3 step process:

  1. First we have to upload our NFT's to Arweave(a decentralized file-storage) and initialize our candymachine.
  2. Next, we need to create our candymachine on Metaplex's contract.
  3. Lastly, we need to update our candymachine with the data a customer can mint our NFT's.

Use this link from the Metaplex documentation to prepare your NFT.

In order to begin uploading to Solana we first need to create a local wallet which is essentially a keypair (a private and public key). This public key will act as our wallet address. We can copy and paste this address into our NFT's JSON file and replace it with the placeholder found at creators:address. To get your address you can use the command solana address.

Next we use Metaplex's upload command to upload our NFT's found in the asset folder. Once upload is complete we can verify everything went well by running the verify command, and the following receipt should print with the name of our NFTs + their Arweave links.

Use this link from the Metaplex documentation to upload your NFT and then verify your NFT's were uploaded.

Then, you can run the update Candy Machine command to set a drop date.

wallet public key: 4onC4LPmiGFsXRNEYJ3hWMMRp9vTMNqu98iwFQU44cEb Name FUTURE_FOUNDATION with https://arweave.net/DG1pgu8oEhq97uvzETCviyONauuV9RGxB_NVEGihFfk checked out Name 2099 with https://arweave.net/c3CztEkrMNxfRrqde3xG18XJnk0aFXqlSNv1u3ze6FE checked out Name NOIR with https://arweave.net/uPS0ie-ZEmp07JWivkQZICVgw3Jdp8lFX6p2lUsRabA checked out uploaded (3) out of (3) ready to deploy!

Arweave will store our data forever. It uses an algorithm to determine the cost of storing data forever based on size. For our case Metaplex is being generous and will pay for the cost of our NFT's.

Creating an NFT Candy Machine

When deploying our Candy Machine to the Metaplex's contract we are not deploying a new Candy Machine from scratch. All that is happening is that we are adding a new Candy Machine to Metaplex's existing protocol.

Use this link from the Metaplex documentation to create our Candy Machine

When creating our Candy Machine we will also be pricing our NFT in the same command.

Once we deploy our Candy Machine we should have an output like the one here:

wallet public key: 4onC4LPmiGFsXRNEYJ3hWMMRp9vTMNqu98iwFQU44cEb create_candy_machine finished. candy machine pubkey: 4UsstNBVE4Z3L8wcnEtK6bgkg1gWFjhE8Rc959UVnxuk

The candy machine pubkey is the address of our deployed candy machine.

Note that all our NFT's will live on Metaplex's open protocol and only we will be able to alter them.

Setting up .env

Our .env file at the root of our app will store our keys.

REACT_APP_CANDY_MACHINE_CONFIG= REACT_APP_CANDY_MACHINE_ID= REACT_APP_TREASURY_ADDRESS= REACT_APP_SOLANA_NETWORK= REACT_APP_SOLANA_RPC_HOST=

The values for REACT_APP_CANDY_MACHINE_CONFIG, REACT_APP_CANDY_MACHINE_ID, and REACT_APP_TREASURY_ADDRESS can be found in the .cache/devnet-temp JSON file.

  • The value for REACT_APP_CANDY_MACHINE_CONFIG is the config key.
  • The value for REACT_APP_CANDY_MACHINE_ID is the candyMachineAddress key.
  • The value for REACT_APP_TREASURY_ADDRESS is the authority key.
  • REACT_APP_SOLANA_NETWORK should be set to devnet as this is the network we where ae are accessing our candy machine from.
  • And becasue we need to point our RPC to the devnet link we set REACT_APP_SOLANA_RPC_HOST to https://explorer-api.devnet.solana.com.

Note: If you want to change or update your NFT's you will need to do the following steps

  1. Delete the .chache folder (generated by the Metaplex CLI candy machine commands)
  2. Update your NFT's
  3. Run the Metaplex upload command to upload NFT's
  4. Run Metaplex verify command to make sure all NFt's were uploaded
  5. Run Metaplex create_candy_machine command to create new candy machine
  6. Run update_candy_machine to create drop date
  7. Update .env file with all new addresses.

Minting an NFT

Also Make sure to change the network of our Phantom wallet to the Devnet network, since our candy machine will be living on the Devnet.

Make sure to have some Solana in your wallet, you can airdrop some with the following command and run it in your terminal: solana airdrop 5 INSERT_YOUR_PHANTOM_WALLET_ADDRESS

Image of fetched data from the Solana devnet:

Image Walkthrough

Displaying the minted NFT's & drop date

"Note - this may take a bit of time so don't be alarmed if it doesn't appear right away! When we call fetchHashTable, it fetches all accounts that have interacted with the program (using MetadataProgram.getProgramAccounts) and that takes some time. After we get that info, we can request the metadata for all NFTs in parallel and it's smooth sailing until we get all those shiny minted images on your UI!"

To update drop date run the the update_candy_machine command with the date command:

ts-node ~/metaplex-foundation/metaplex/js/packages/cli/src/candy-machine-cli.ts update_candy_machine --date "1 Dec 2022 00:12:00 GMT" --env devnet --keypair ~/.config/solana/devnet.json

Also make sure to be in the root of your directory where the .cache folder can be located.

Resources

Metaplex and Candy Machine

Arweave Algorithm

Arweave Storage Fee Calculator

Metaplex Documentation