Alpine base images should be updated

[sharnoff]

Problem description / Motivation

We're currently using alpine 3.16. We should update to the latest (3.19).

3.16 EOLs on May 2024-05-23

Feature idea(s) / DoD

All alpine images used are updated to 3.19, or whatever the latest is when this issues is resolved.

Implementation ideas

See previous attempt here: #530.

This is difficult primarily because of the copying of shared libraries that we do in vm-builder. It may be easier to first audit all the commands we use, then run ldd on them to see the shared libraries, and derive a new list from scratch, rather than by trial-and-error.

[stradig]

I checked the repository for version 3.15 which is end-of-life since a year. The repository is still up and usable at https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.15/main/x86_64/. So at least we should still be able to build against it. But of course no more security updates, so we should upgrade in any case.

[stradig]

This is not urgent because we can still build. We don't have the capacity to fix this now, will look at this in June.