diff --git a/frontend/dockerfile/dockerfile2llb/convert.go b/frontend/dockerfile/dockerfile2llb/convert.go
index e763a72052c9..dbde755315cf 100644
--- a/frontend/dockerfile/dockerfile2llb/convert.go
+++ b/frontend/dockerfile/dockerfile2llb/convert.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
 	"runtime"
+	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -606,8 +607,18 @@ func toDispatchState(ctx context.Context, dt []byte, opt ConvertOpt) (*dispatchS
 		for d := range allReachable {
 			d.init()
 
-			if len(d.image.Config.OnBuild) > 0 {
-				if b, err := initOnBuildTriggers(d, d.image.Config.OnBuild, allDispatchStates); err != nil {
+			onbuilds := slices.Clone(d.image.Config.OnBuild)
+			if d.base != nil && !d.onBuildInit {
+				for _, cmd := range d.base.commands {
+					if obCmd, ok := cmd.Command.(*instructions.OnbuildCommand); ok {
+						onbuilds = append(onbuilds, obCmd.Expression)
+					}
+				}
+				d.onBuildInit = true
+			}
+
+			if len(onbuilds) > 0 {
+				if b, err := initOnBuildTriggers(d, onbuilds, allDispatchStates); err != nil {
 					return nil, parser.SetLocation(err, d.stage.Location)
 				} else if b {
 					newDeps = true
@@ -1002,18 +1013,19 @@ func dispatch(d *dispatchState, cmd command, opt dispatchOpt) error {
 }
 
 type dispatchState struct {
-	opt        dispatchOpt
-	state      llb.State
-	image      dockerspec.DockerOCIImage
-	platform   *ocispecs.Platform
-	stage      instructions.Stage
-	base       *dispatchState
-	baseImg    *dockerspec.DockerOCIImage // immutable, unlike image
-	dispatched bool
-	resolved   bool // resolved is set to true if base image has been resolved
-	deps       map[*dispatchState]instructions.Command
-	buildArgs  []instructions.KeyValuePairOptional
-	commands   []command
+	opt         dispatchOpt
+	state       llb.State
+	image       dockerspec.DockerOCIImage
+	platform    *ocispecs.Platform
+	stage       instructions.Stage
+	base        *dispatchState
+	baseImg     *dockerspec.DockerOCIImage // immutable, unlike image
+	dispatched  bool
+	resolved    bool // resolved is set to true if base image has been resolved
+	onBuildInit bool
+	deps        map[*dispatchState]instructions.Command
+	buildArgs   []instructions.KeyValuePairOptional
+	commands    []command
 	// ctxPaths marks the paths this dispatchState uses from the build context.
 	ctxPaths map[string]struct{}
 	// paths marks the paths that are used by this dispatchState.
diff --git a/frontend/dockerfile/dockerfile_test.go b/frontend/dockerfile/dockerfile_test.go
index d8aed914b3a6..fd2298eb550b 100644
--- a/frontend/dockerfile/dockerfile_test.go
+++ b/frontend/dockerfile/dockerfile_test.go
@@ -126,6 +126,8 @@ var allTests = integration.TestFuncs(
 	testEnvEmptyFormatting,
 	testCacheMultiPlatformImportExport,
 	testOnBuildCleared,
+	testOnBuildInheritedStageRun,
+	testOnBuildInheritedStageWithFrom,
 	testOnBuildNewDeps,
 	testOnBuildNamedContext,
 	testOnBuildWithCacheMount,
@@ -5028,6 +5030,101 @@ func testOnBuildNamedContext(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox) {
 	require.Equal(t, []byte("hello"), dt)
 }
 
+func testOnBuildInheritedStageRun(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox) {
+	integration.SkipOnPlatform(t, "windows")
+	workers.CheckFeatureCompat(t, sb, workers.FeatureDirectPush)
+	f := getFrontend(t, sb)
+
+	dockerfile := []byte(`
+FROM busybox AS base
+ONBUILD RUN mkdir -p /out && echo -n 11 >> /out/foo
+
+FROM base AS mid
+RUN cp /out/foo /out/bar
+
+FROM scratch
+COPY --from=mid /out/bar /
+`)
+
+	dir := integration.Tmpdir(
+		t,
+		fstest.CreateFile("Dockerfile", dockerfile, 0600),
+	)
+
+	c, err := client.New(sb.Context(), sb.Address())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer c.Close()
+
+	destDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	_, err = f.Solve(sb.Context(), c, client.SolveOpt{
+		Exports: []client.ExportEntry{
+			{
+				Type:      client.ExporterLocal,
+				OutputDir: destDir,
+			},
+		},
+		LocalMounts: map[string]fsutil.FS{
+			dockerui.DefaultLocalNameDockerfile: dir,
+			dockerui.DefaultLocalNameContext:    dir,
+		},
+	}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	dt, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(destDir, "bar"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "11", string(dt))
+}
+
+func testOnBuildInheritedStageWithFrom(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox) {
+	integration.SkipOnPlatform(t, "windows")
+	workers.CheckFeatureCompat(t, sb, workers.FeatureDirectPush)
+	f := getFrontend(t, sb)
+
+	dockerfile := []byte(`
+FROM alpine AS src
+RUN mkdir -p /in && echo -n 12 > /in/file
+
+FROM busybox AS base
+ONBUILD COPY --from=src /in/file /out/foo
+
+FROM base AS mid
+RUN cp /out/foo /out/bar
+
+FROM scratch
+COPY --from=mid /out/bar /
+`)
+
+	dir := integration.Tmpdir(
+		t,
+		fstest.CreateFile("Dockerfile", dockerfile, 0600),
+	)
+
+	c, err := client.New(sb.Context(), sb.Address())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer c.Close()
+
+	destDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	_, err = f.Solve(sb.Context(), c, client.SolveOpt{
+		Exports: []client.ExportEntry{
+			{
+				Type:      client.ExporterLocal,
+				OutputDir: destDir,
+			},
+		},
+		LocalMounts: map[string]fsutil.FS{
+			dockerui.DefaultLocalNameDockerfile: dir,
+			dockerui.DefaultLocalNameContext:    dir,
+		},
+	}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	dt, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(destDir, "bar"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "12", string(dt))
+}
+
 func testOnBuildNewDeps(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox) {
 	integration.SkipOnPlatform(t, "windows")
 	workers.CheckFeatureCompat(t, sb, workers.FeatureDirectPush)