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00PORTING
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Guide to Porting lsof 4 to Unix OS Dialects
**********************************************************************
| The latest release of lsof is always available via anonymous ftp |
| from lsof.itap.purdue.edu. Look in pub/lsof.README for its |
| location. |
**********************************************************************
Contents
How Lsof Works
/proc-based Linux Lsof -- a Different Approach
General Guidelines
Organization
Source File Naming Conventions
Coding Philosophies
Data Requirements
Dlsof.h and #include's
Definitions That Affect Compilation
Options: Common and Special
Defining Dialect-Specific Symbols and Global Storage
Coding Dialect-specific Functions
Function Prototype Definitions and the _PROTOTYPE Macro
The Makefile
The Mksrc Shell Script
The MkKernOpts Shell Script
Testing and the lsof Test Suite
Where Next?
How Lsof Works
--------------
Before getting on with porting guidelines, just a word or two about
how lsof works.
Lsof obtains data about open UNIX dialect files by reading the
kernel's proc structure information, following it to the related
user structure, then reading the open file structures stored
(usually) in the user structure. Typically lsof uses the kernel
memory devices, /dev/kmem, /dev/mem, etc. to read kernel data.
Lsof stores information from the proc and user structures in an
internal, local proc structure table. It then processes the open
file structures by reading the file system nodes that lie behind
them, extracting and storing relevant data in internal local file
structures that are linked to the internal local process structure.
Once all data has been gathered, lsof reports it from its internal,
local tables.
There are a few variants on this subject. Some systems don't have
just proc structures, but have task structures, too, (e.g., NeXTSTEP
and OSF/1 derivatives). For some dialects lsof gets proc structures
or process information (See "/proc-based Linux Lsof -- a Different
Approach) from files of the /proc file system. It's not necessary
for lsof to read user structures on some systems (recent versions
of HP-UX), because the data lsof needs can be found in the task or
proc structures. In the end lsof gathers the same data, just from
slightly different sources.
/proc-based Linux Lsof -- a Different Approach
==============================================
For a completely different approach to lsof construction, take a
look at the /proc-based Linux sources in .../dialects/linux/proc.
(The sources in .../dialects/linux/kmem are for a traditional lsof
that uses /dev/kmem to read information from kernel structures.)
The /proc-based lsof obtains all its information from the Linux
/proc file system. Consequently, it is relatively immune to changes
in Linux kernel structures and doesn't need to be re-compiled each
time the Linux kernel version changes.
There are some down-sides to the Linux /proc-based lsof:
* It must run setuid-root in order to be able to read the
/proc file system branches for all processes. In contrast,
the /dev/kmem-based Linux lsof usually needs only setgid
permission.
* It depends on the exact character format of /proc files, so
it is sensitive to changes in /proc file composition.
* It is limited to the information a /proc file system
implementor decides to provide. For example, if a
/proc/net/<protocol> file lacks an inode number, the
/proc-based lsof can't connect open socket files to that
protocol. Another deficiency is that the /proc-based may
not be able to report file offset (position) information,
when it isn't available in the /proc/<PID>/fd/ entry for a
file.
In contrast the /dev/kmem-based lsof has full access to
kernel structures and "sees" new data as soon as it appears.
Of course, that new data requires that lsof be recompiled
and usually also requires changes to lsof.
Overall the switch from a /dev/kmem base to a /proc one is an
advantage to Linux lsof. The switch was made at lsof revision 4.23
for Linux kernel versions 2.1.72 (approximately) and higher. The
reason I'm not certain at which Linux kernel version a /proc-based
lsof becomes possible is that the /proc additions needed to implement
it have been added gradually to Linux 2.1.x in ways that I cannot
measure.
/proc-based lsof functions in many ways the same as /dev/kmem-based
lsof. It scans the /proc directory, looking for <PID>/ subdirectories.
Inside each one it collects process-related data from the cwd, exe,
maps, root, and stat information files.
It collects open file information from the fd/ subdirectory of each
<PID>/ subdirectory. The lstat(2), readlink(2), and stat(2) system
calls gather information about the files from the kernel.
Lock information comes from /proc/locks. It is matched to open
files by inode number. Mount information comes from /proc/mounts.
Per domain protocol information comes from the files of /proc/net;
it's matched to open socket files by inode number.
The Linux /proc file system implementors have done an amazing job
of providing the information lsof needs. The /proc-based lsof
project has so far generated only two kernel modification:
* A modification to /usr/src/linux/net/ipx/af_ipx.c adds the
inode number to the entries of /proc/net/ipx.
Jonathan Sergent did this kernel modification.
It may be found in the .../dialects/linux/proc/patches
subdirectory of the lsof distribution.
* An experimental modification to /usr/src/linux/fs/stat.c
allows lstat(2) to return file position information for
/proc/<PID>/fd/<FD> files.
Contact me for this modification.
One final note about the /proc-based Linux lsof: it doesn't need
any functions from the lsof library in the lib/ subdirectory.
FreeBSD is now also using a similar approach. Sysctls are used
to retrieve processes, files, socket PCBs etc. Access to kernel
memory is optional and only used as a last resort when data is
not provided by the kernel.
General Guidelines
------------------
These are the general guidelines for porting lsof 4 to a new Unix
dialect:
* Understand the organization of the lsof sources and the
philosophies that guide their coding.
* Understand the data requirements and determine the methods
of locating the necessary data in the new dialect's kernel.
* Pick a name for the subdirectory in lsof4/dialects for your
dialect. Generally I use a vendor operating system name
abbreviation.
* Locate the necessary header files and #include them in the
dialect's dlsof.h file. (You may not be able to complete
this step until you have coded all dialect-specific functions.)
* Determine the optional library functions of lsof to be used
and set their definitions in the dialect's machine.h file.
* Define the dialect's specific symbols and global storage
in the dialect's dlsof.h and dstore.c files.
* Code the dialect-specific functions in the appropriate
source files of the dialect's subdirectory.
Include the necessary prototype definitions of the dialect-
specific functions in the dproto.h file in the dialect's
subdirectory.
* Define the dialect's Makefile and source construction shell
script, Mksrc.
* If there are #define's that affect how kernel structures
are organized, and those #define's are needed when compiling
lsof, build a MkKernOpts shell script to locate the #define's
and supply them to the Configure shell script.
Organization
------------
The code in a dialect-specific version of lsof comes from three
sources:
1) functions common to all versions, located in the top level
directory, lsof4;
2) functions specific to the dialect, located in the dialect's
subdirectory -- e.g., lsof4/dialects/sun;
3) functions that are common to several dialects, although
not to all, organized in a library, liblsof.a. The functions
in the library source can be selected and customized with
definitions in the dialect machine.h header files.
The tree looks like this:
lsof4 ----------------------+ 3) library --
| \ lsof4/lib
1) fully common functions + \
e.g., lsof4/main.c + lsof4/dialects/
/ / / / \
+ + + + +
2) dialect-specific subdirectories -- e.g., lsof4/dialects/sun
The code for a dialect-specific version is constructed from these
three sources by the Configure shell script in the top level lsof4
directory and definitions in the dialect machine.h header files.
Configure uses the Mksrc shell script in each dialect's subdirectory,
and may use an optional MkKernOpts shell script in selected dialect
subdirectories.
Configure calls the Mksrc shell script in each dialect's subdirectory
to assemble the dialect-specific sources in the main lsof directory.
Configure may call MkKernOpts to determine kernel compile-time
options that are needed for compiling kernel structures correctly
for use by lsof. Configure puts the options in a dialect-specific
Makefile it build, using a template in the dialect subdirectory.
The assembly of dialect-specific sources in the main lsof directory
is usually done by creating symbolic links from the top level to
the dialect's subdirectory. The LSOF_MKC environment variable may
be defined prior to using Configure to change the technique used
to assemble the sources -- most commonly to use cp instead of ln -s.
The Configure script completes the dialect's Makefile by adding
string definitions, including the necessary kernel compile-time
options, to a dialect skeleton Makefile while copying it from the
dialect subdirectory to the top level lsof4 directory. Optionally
Makefile may call the dialect's MkKernOpts script to add string
definitions.
When the lsof library, lsof4/lib/liblsof.a, is compiled its
functions are selected and customized by #define's in the dialect
machine.h header file.
Source File Naming Conventions
------------------------------
With one exception, dialect-specific source files begin with a
lower case `d' character -- ddev.c, dfile.c, dlsof.h. The one
exception is the header file that contains dialect-specific
definitions for the optional features of the common functions.
It's called machine.h for historical reasons.
Currently all dialects use almost the same source file names. One
exception to the rule happens in dialects where there must be
different source files -- e.g., dnode[123].c -- to eliminate node
header file structure element name conflicts. The source modules
in a few subdirectories are organized that way.
Unusual situations occur for NetBSD and OpenBSD, and for NEXTSTEP
and OPENSTEP. Each pair of dialects is so close in design that
the same dialect sources from the n+obsd subdirectory serves NetBSD
and OpenBSD; from n+os, NEXTSTEP and OPENSTEP.
These are common files in lsof4/:
Configure the configuration script
Customize does some customization of the selected lsof
dialect
Inventory takes an inventory of the files in an lsof
distribution
version the version number
dialects/ the dialects subdirectory
These are the common function source files in lsof4/:
arg.c common argument processing functions
lsof.h common header file that #include's the dialect-specific
header files
main.c common main function for lsof 4
misc.c common miscellaneous functions -- e.g., special versions
of stat() and readlink()
node.c common node reading functions -- readinode(), readvnode()
print.c common print support functions
proc.c common process and file structure functions
proto.h common prototype definitions, including the definition of
the _PROTOTYPE() macro
store.c common global storage version.h the current lsof version
number, derived from the file version by the Makefile
usage.c functions to display lsof usage panel
These are the dialect-specific files:
Makefile the Makefile skeleton
Mksrc a shell script that assists the Configure script
in configuring dialect sources
MkKernOpts an optional shell script that identifies kernel
compile-time options for selected dialects -- e.g.,
Pyramid DC/OSx and Reliant UNIX
ddev.c device support functions -- readdev() -- may be
eliminated by functions from lsof4/lib/
dfile.c file processing functions -- may be eliminated by
functions from lsof4/lib/
dlsof.h dialect-specific header file -- contains #include's
for system header files and dialect-specific global
storage declarations
dmnt.c mount support functions -- may be eliminated by
functions from lsof4/lib/
dnode.c node processing functions -- e.g., for gnode or vnode
dnode?.c additional node processing functions, used when node
header files have duplicate and conflicting element
names.
dproc.c functions to access, read, examine and cache data about
dialect-specific process structures -- this file contains
the dialect-specific "main" function, gather_proc_info()
dproto.h dialect-specific prototype declarations
dsock.c dialect-specific socket processing functions
dstore.c dialect-specific global storage -- e.g., the nlist()
structure
machine.h dialect specific definitions of common function options --
e.g., a HASINODE definition to activate the readinode()
function in lsof4/node.c
The machine.h header file also selects and customizes
the functions of lsof4/lib/.
These are the lib/ files. Definitions in the dialect machine.h
header files select and customize the contained functions that are
to be compiled and archived to liblsof.a.
Makefile.skel is a skeleton Makefile, used by Configure
to construct the Makefile for the lsof
library.
cvfs.c completevfs() function
USE_LIB_COMPLETEVFS selects it.
CVFS_DEVSAVE, CVFS_NLKSAVE, CVFS_SZSAVE,
and HASFSINO customize it.
dvch.c device cache functions
HASDCACHE selects them.
DCACHE_CLONE, DCACHE_CLR, DCACHE_PSEUDO,
DVCH_CHOWN, DVCH_DEVPATH, DVCH_EXPDEV,
HASBLKDEV, HASENVDC, HASSYSDC, HASPERSDC,
HASPERSDCPATH, and NOWARNBLKDEV customize
them.
fino.c find block and character device inode functions
HASBLKDEV and USE_LIB_FIND_CH_INO select them.
isfn.c hashSfile() and is_file_named() functions
USE_LIB_IS_FILE_NAMED selects it.
lkud.c device lookup functions
HASBLKDEV and USE_LIB_LKUPDEV select them.
pdvn.c print device name functions
HASBLKDEV and USE_LIB_PRINTDEVNAME select them.
prfp.c process_file() function
USE_LIB_PROCESS_FILE selects it.
FILEPTR, DTYPE_PIPE, HASPIPEFN, DTYPE_GNODE,
DTYPE_INODE, DTYPE_PORT, DTYPE_VNODE, DTYPE_PTS,
HASF_VNODE, HASKQUEUE, HASPRIVFILETYPE,
HASPSXSHM, HASPSXSEM and HASPTSFN customize it.
ptti.c print_tcptpi() function
USE_LIB_PRINT_TCPTPI selects it.
HASSOOPT, HASSBSTATE, HASSOSTATE, AHSTCPOPT,
HASTCPTPIQ and HASTCPTPIW customize it.
rdev.c readdev() function
USE_LIB_READDEV selects it.
DIRTYPE, HASBLKDEV, HASDCACHE, HASDNAMLEN,
RDEV_EXPDEV, RDEV_STATFN, USE_STAT, and
WARNDEVACCESS customize it.
rmnt.c readmnt() function
USE_LIB_READMNT selects it.
HASFSTYPE, MNTSKIP, RMNT_EXPDEV, RMNT_FSTYPE,
and MOUNTS_FSTYPE customize it.
rnam.c BSD format name cache functions
HASNCACHE and USE_LIB_RNAM select them.
HASFSINO, NCACHE, NCACHE_NC_CAST, NCACHE_NM,
NCACHE_NMLEN, NCACHE_NODEADDR, NCACHE_NODEID,
NCACHE_NO_ROOT, NCACHE_NXT, NCACHE_PARADDR,
NCACHE_PARID, NCACHE_SZ_CAST, NCHNAMLEN,
X_NCACHE, and X_NCSIZE, customize them.
rnch.c Sun format name cache functions
HASNCACHE and USE_LIB_RNCH select them.
ADDR_NCACHE, HASDNLCPTR, HASFSINO, NCACHE_DP,
NCACHE_NAME, NCACHE_NAMLEN, NCACHE_NEGVN,
NCACHE_NODEID, NCACHE_NXT, NCACHE_PARID,
NCACHE_VP, X_NCACHE, and X_NCSIZE, customize
them.
snpf.c Source for the snprintf() family of functions
USE_LIB_SNPF selects it.
The comments and the source code in these library files give more
information on customization.
Coding Philosophies
-------------------
A few basic philosophies govern the coding of lsof 4 functions:
* Use as few #if/#else/#endif constructs as possible, even at
the cost of nearly-duplicate code.
When #if/#else/#endif constructs are necessary:
o Use the form
#if defined(s<symbol>)
in preference to
#ifdef <symbol>
to allow easier addition of tests to the #if.
o Indent them to signify their level -- e.g.,
#if /* level one */
# if /* level two */
# endif /* level two */
#else /* level one */
#endif /* level one */
o Use ANSI standard comments on #else and #endif statements.
* Document copiously.
* Aim for ANSI-C compatibility:
o Use function prototypes for all functions, hiding them
from compilers that cannot handle them with the _PROTOTYPE()
macro.
o Use the compiler's ANSI conformance checking wherever
possible -- e.g., gcc's -ansi option.
Data Requirements
-----------------
Lsof's strategy in obtaining open file information is to access
the process table via its proc structures, then obtain the associated
user area and open file structures. The open file structures then
lead lsof to file type specific structures -- cdrnodes, fifonodes,
inodes, gnodes, hsfsnodes, pipenodes, pcnodes, rnodes, snodes,
sockets, tmpnodes, and vnodes.
The specific node structures must yield data about the open files. The
most important items and device number (raw and cooked) and node
number. (Lsof uses them to identify files and file systems named as
arguments.) Link counts and file sizes are important, too, as are the
special characteristics of sockets, pipes, FIFOs, etc.
This means that to begin an lsof port to a new Unix dialect you
must understand how to obtain these structures from the dialect's
kernel. Look for kernel access functions -- e.g., the AIX readx()
function, Sun and Sun-like kvm_*() functions, or SGI's syssgi()
function. Look for clues in header files -- e.g. external declarations
and macros.
If you have access to them, look at sources to programs like ps(1),
or the freely available monitor and top programs. They may give
you important clues on reading proc and user area structures. An
appeal to readers of dialect-specific news groups may uncover
correspondents who can help.
Careful reading of system header files -- e.g., <sys/proc.h> --
may give hints about how kernel storage is organized. Look for
global variables declared under a KERNEL or _KERNEL #if. Run nm(1)
across the kernel image (/vmunix, /unix, etc.) and look for references
to structures of interest.
Even if there are support functions for reading structures, like the
kvm_*() functions, you must still understand how to read data from
kernel memory. Typically this requires an understanding of the
nlist() function, and how to use /dev/kmem, /dev/mem, and /dev/swap.
Don't overlook the possibility that you may have to use the process
file system -- e.g., /proc. I try to avoid using /proc when I can,
since it usually requires that lsof have setuid(root) permission
to read the individual /proc "files".
Once you can access kernel structures, you must understand how
they're connected. You must answer questions like:
* How big are kernel addresses? How are they type cast?
* How are kernel variable names converted to addresses?
Nlist()?
* How are the proc structures organized? Is it a static
table? Are the proc structures linked? Is there a
kernel pointer to the first proc structure? Is there a
proc structure count?
* How does one obtain copies of the proc structures? Via
/dev/kmem? Via a vendor API?
* If this is a Mach derivative, is it necessary to obtain the
task and thread structures? How?
* How does one obtain the user area (or the utask area in Mach
systems) that corresponds to a process?
* Where are the file structures located for open file
descriptors and how are they located? Are all file
structures in the user area? Is the file structure space
extensible?
* Where do the private data pointers in file structures lead?
To gnodes? To inodes? To sockets? To vnodes? Hint: look
in <sys/file.h> for DTYPE_* instances and further pointers.
* How are the nodes organized? To what other nodes do they
lead and how? Where are the common bits of information in
nodes -- device, node number, size -- stored? Hint: look
in the header files for nodes for macros that may be used
to obtain the address of one node from another -- e.g., the
VTOI() macro that leads from a vnode to an inode.
* Are text reference nodes identified and how? Is it
necessary to examine the virtual memory map of a process or
a task to locate text references? Some kernels have text
node pointers in the proc structures; some, in the user
area; Mach kernels may have text information in the task
structure, reached in various ways from the proc, user area,
or user task structure.
* How is the device table -- e.g., /dev or /devices --
organized? How is it read? Using direct or dirent structures?
How are major/minor device numbers represented? How are
device numbers assembled and disassembled?
Are there clone devices? How are they identified?
* How is mount information obtained? Getmntinfo()? Getmntent()?
Some special kernel call?
* How are sockets identified and organized? BSD-style? As
streams? Are there streams?
* Are there special nodes -- CD-ROM nodes, FIFO nodes, etc.?
* How is the kernel's name cache organized? Can lsof access
it to get partial name components?
Dlsof.h and #include's
----------------------
Once you have identified the kernel's data organization and know
what structures it provides, you must add #include's to dlsof.h to
access their definitions. Sometimes it is difficult to locate the
header files -- you may need to introduce -I specifications in the
Makefile via the DINC shell variable in the Configure script.
Sometimes it is necessary to define special symbols -- e.g., KERNEL,
_KERNEL, _KMEMUSER -- to induce system header files to yield kernel
structure definitions. Sometimes making those symbol definitions
cause other header file and definition conflicts. There's no good
general rule on how to proceed when conflicts occur.
Rarely it may be necessary to extract structure definitions from
system header files and move them to dlsof.h, create special versions
of system header files, or obtain special copies of system header
files from "friendly" (e.g., vendor) sources. The dlsof.h header
file in lsof4/dialects/sun shows examples of the first case; the
second, no examples; the third, the irix5hdr subdirectory in
lsof4/dialects/irix (a mixture of the first and third).
Building up the necessary #includes in dlsof.h is an iterative
process that requires attention as you build the dialect-specific
functions that references kernel structures. Be prepared to revisit
dlsof.h frequently.
Definitions That Affect Compilation
-----------------------------------
The source files at the top level and in the lib/ subdirectory
contain optional functions that may be activated with definitions
in a dialect's machine.h header file. Some are functions for
reading node structures that may not apply to all dialects -- e.g.
CD-ROM nodes (cdrnode), or `G' nodes (gnode) -- and others are
common functions that may occasionally be replaced by dialect-specific
ones. Once you understand your kernel's data organization, you'll
be able to decide the optional common node functions to activate.
Definitions in machine.h and dlsof.h also enable or disable other
optional common features. The following is an attempt to list all
the definitions that affect lsof code, but CAUTION, it is only
attempt and may be incomplete. Always check lsof4 source code in
lib/ and dialects/, and dialect machine.h header files for other
possibilities
AFS_VICE See 00XCONFIG.
AIX_KERNBITS specifies the kernel bit size, 32 or 64, of the Power
architecture AIX 5.x kernel for which lsof was built.
CAN_USE_CLNT_CREATE is defined for dialects where the more modern
RPC function clnt_create() can be used in
place of the deprecated clnttcp_create().
CLONEMAJ defines the name of the variable that
contains the clone major device number.
(Also see HAS_STD_CLONE and HAVECLONEMAJ.)
DEVDEV_PATH defines the path to the directory where device
nodes are stored, usually /dev. Solaris 10
uses /devices.
DIALECT_WARNING may be defined by a dialect to provide a
warning message that will be displayed with
help (-h) and version (-v) output.
FSV_DEFAULT defines the default file structure values to
list. It may be composed of or'd FSV_*
(See lsof.h) values. The default is none (0).
GET_MAJ_DEV is a macro to get major portion from device
number instead of via the standard major()
macro.
GET_MIN_DEV is a macro to get minor portion from device
number instead of via the standard minor()
macro.
GET_MAX_FD the name of the function that returns an
int for the maximum open file descriptor
plus one. If not defined, defaults to
getdtablesize.
HAS9660FS enables CD9660 file system support in a
BSD dialect.
HAS_ADVLOCK_ARGS is defined for NetBSD and OpenBSD dialects
whose <sys/lockf.h> references vop_advlock_args.
HAS_AFS enables AFS support code for the dialect.
HAS_AIO_REQ_STRUCT is defined for Solaris 10 and above systems that
have the aio_req structure definition.
HAS_ATOMIC_T indicates the Linux version has an
<asm/atomic.h> header file and it contains
"typedef struct .* atomic_t;"
HASAOPT indicates the dialect supports the AFS -A
option when HAS_AFS is also defined.
HAS_ASM_TERMIOBITS indicates for Linux Alpha that the
<asm/termiobits.h> header file exists.
HASAX25CBPTR indicates that the Linux sock struct has an
ax25_db pointer.
HASBLKDEV indicates the dialect has block device support.
HASBUFQ_H indicates the *NSD dialect has the <sys/bufq.h>
header file.
HASCACHEFS enables cache file system support for the
dialect.
HAS_CDFS enables CDFS file system support for the
dialect.
HASCDRNODE enables/disables readcdrnode() in node.c.
HAS_CLOSEFROM is defined when the FreeBSD C library contains the
closefrom() function.
HAS_CONN_NEW indicates the Solaris version has the new form
of the conn_s structure, introduced in b134 of
Solaris 11. This will always accompany the
HAS_IPCLASSIFIER_H definition.
HAS_CONST indicates that the compiler supports the
const keyword.
HASCPUMASK_T indicates the FreeBSD 5.2 or higher dialect
has cpumask_t typedef's.
HAS_CRED_IMPL_H indicates the Solaris 10 dialect has the
<sys/cred_impl.h> header file available.
HASCWDINFO indicates the cwdinfo structure is defined
in the NetBSD <sys/filedesc.h>.
HASDCACHE enables device file cache file support.
The device cache file contains information
about the names, device numbers and inode
numbers of entries in the /dev (or /device)
node subtree that lsof saves from call to
call. See the 00DCACHE file of the lsof
distribution for more information on this
feature.
HASDENTRY indicates the Linux version has a dentry
struct defined in <linux/dcache.h>.
HASDEVKNC indicates the Linux version has a kernel
name cached keyed on device number.
HAS_DINODE_U indicates the OpenBSD version has a dinode_u
union in its inode structure.
HASDNLCPTR is defined when the name cache entry of
<sys/dnlc.h> has a name character pointer
rather than a name character array.
HAS_DUP2 is defined when the FreeBSD C library contains the
dup2() function.
HASEFFNLINK indicates the *BSD system has the i_effnlink
member in the inode structure.
HASENVDC enables the use of an environment-defined
device cache file path and defines the name
of the environment variable from which lsof
may take it. (See the 00DCACHE file of
the lsof distribution for information on
when HASENVDC is used or ignored.)
HASEOPT indicates the dialect supports the -e option to
eliminate kernel blocks on a named file system.
HASEPTOPTS indicates the dialect supports the +|-E end point
options.
HASEXT2FS is defined for BSD dialects for which ext2fs
file system support can be provided. A value
of 1 indicates that the i_e2din member does not
exist; 2, it exists.
HASF_VNODE indicates the dialect's file structure has an
f_vnode member in it.
HAS_FDESCENTTBL indicates the FreeBSD system has the fdescenttbl
structure.
HAS_FILEDESCENT indicates the FreeBSD system has the filedescent
definition in the <sys/filedesc.h> header file.
HASFDESCFS enables file descriptor file system support
for the dialect. A value of 1 indicates
<miscfs/fdesc.h> has a Fctty definition; 2,
it does not.
HASFDLINK indicates the file descriptor file system
node has the fd_link member.
HASFIFONODE enables/disables readfifonode() in node.c.
HAS_FL_FD indicates the Linux version has an fl_fd
element in the lock structure of <linux/fs.h>.
HAS_FL_FILE indicates the Linux version has an fl_file
element in the lock structure of <linux/fs.h>.
HAS_FL_WHENCE indicates the Linux version has an fl_whence
element in the lock structure of <linux/fs.h>.
HAS_F_OPEN indicates the UnixWare 7.x dialect has the
f_open member in its file struct.
HASFSINO enables the inclusion of the fs_ino element
in the lfile structure definition in lsof.h.
This contains the file system's inode number
and may be needed when searching the kernel
name cache. See dialects/osr/dproc.c for
an example.
HASFSTRUCT indicates the dialect has a file structure
the listing of whose element values can be
enabled with +f[cfn]. FSV_DEFAULT defines
the default listing values.
HASFSTYPE enables/disables the use of the file system's
stat(2) st_fstype member.
If the HASFSTYPE value is 1, st_fstype is
treated as a character array; 2, it is
treated as an integer.
See also the RMNT_EXPDEV and RMNT_FSTYPE
documentation in lib/rmnt.c
HASFUSEFS is defined when the FreeBSD system has FUSE file system
support.
HASGETBOOTFILE indicates the NetBSD or OpenBSD dialect has
a getbootfile() function.
HASGNODE enables/disables readgnode() in node.c.
HASHASHPID is defined when the Linux version (probably
above 2.1.35) has a pidhash_next member in
its task structure.
HASHSNODE enables/disables readhsnode() in node.c.
HASI_E2FS_PTR indicates the BSD dialect has a pointer in
its inode to the EXTFS dinode.
HASI_FFS indicates the BSD dialect has i_ffs_size
in <ufs/ufs/inode.h>.
HASI_FFS1 indicates the BSD dialect supports the fast
UFS1 and UFS2 file systems.
HAS_INKERNEL indicates the SCO OSR 6.0.0 or higher, or
UnixWare 7.1.4 or higher system uses the
INKERNEL symbol in <netinet/in_pcb.h> or
<netinet/tcp_var.h>.
HASINODE enables/disables readinode() in node.c.
HASINOKNC indicates the Linux version has a kernel
name cache keyed on inode address.
HASINADDRSTR is defined when the inp_[fl]addr members
of the inpcb structure are structures.
HASINRIAIPv6 is defined if the dialect has the INRIA IPv6
support. (HASIPv6 will also be defined.)
HASINT16TYPE is defined when the dialect has a typedef
for int16 that may conflict with some other
header file's redefinition (e.g., <afs/std.h>).
HASINT32TYPE is defined when the dialect has a typedef
for int32 that may conflict with some other
header file's redefinition (e.g., <afs/std.h>).
HASINTSIGNAL is defined when signal() returns an int.
HAS_IPCLASSIFIER_H is defined for Solaris dialects that have the
<inet/ipclassifier.h> header file.
HAS_IPC_S_PATCH is defined when the HP-UX 11 dialect has the
ipc_s patch installed. It has a value of
1 if the ipc_s structure has an ipc_ipis
member, but the ipis_s structure lacks the
ipis_msgsqueued member; 2, if ipc_s has
ipc_ipis, but ipis_s lacks ipis_msgsqueued.
HASIPv6 indicates the dialect supports the IPv6
Internet address family.
HAS_JFS2 The AIX >= 5.0 dialect has jfs2 support.
HASKERNELKEYT indicates the Linux version has a
__kernel_key_t typedef in <linux/types.h>.
HASKERNFS is defined for BSD dialects for which
/kern file system support can be provided.
HASKERNFS_KFS_KT indicates *kfs_kt is in the BSD dialect's
<miscfs/kernfs/kernfs.h>.
HASKOPT enables/disables the ability to read the
kernel's name list from a file -- e.g., from
a crash dump file.
HASKQUEUE indicates the dialect supports the kqueue
file type.
HASKVMGETPROC2 The *BSD dialect has the kvm_gettproc2()
function.
HAS_KVM_VNODE indicates the FreeBSD 5.3 or higher dialect has
"defined(_KVM_VNODE)" in <sys/vnode.h>.
HASLFILEADD defines additional, dialect-specific elements
SETLFILEADD in the lfile structure (defined in lsof.h).
HASLFILEADD is a macro. The accompanying SETFILEADD
macro is used in the alloc_lfile() function of
proc.c to preset the additional elements.
HAS_LF_LWP is defined for BSD dialects where the lockf
structure has an lf_lwp member.
HASLFS indicates the *BSD dialect has log-structured
file system support.
HAS_LGRP_ROOT_CONFLICT
indicates the Solaris 9 or Solaris 10 system has
a conflict over the lgrp_root symbol in the
<sys/lgrp.h> and <sys/lgrp_user.h> header files.
HAS_LIBCTF indicates the Solaris 10 and above system has
the CTF library.
HAS_LOCKF_ENTRY indicates the FreeBSD version has a lockf_entry
structure in its <sys/lockf.h> header file.
HAS_LWP_H is defined for BSD dialects that have the
<sys/lwp.h> header file.
HASMOPT enables/disables the ability to read kernel
memory from a file -- e.g., from a crash
dump file.
HASMSDOSFS enables MS-DOS file system support in a
BSD dialect.
HASMNTSTAT indicates the dialect has a stat(2) status
element in its mounts structure.
HASMNTSUP indicates the dialect supports the mount supplement
option.
HASNAMECACHE indicates the FreeBSD dialect has a namecache
structure definition in <sys/namei.h>.
HASNCACHE enables the probing of the kernel's name cache
to obtain path name components. A value
of 1 directs printname() to prefix the
cache value with the file system directory
name; 2, avoid the prefix.
HASNCVPID The *BSD dialect namecache struct has an
nc_vpid member.
HASNETDEVICE_H indicates the Linux version has a netdevice.h
header file.
HAS_NFS enables NFS support for the dialect.
HASNFSKNC indicates the LINUX version has a separate
NFS name cache.