For solutions, see Exercise_solutions.md.
1) For the input file ip.txt, display all lines containing is.
$ cat ip.txt
Hello World
How are you
This game is good
Today is sunny
12345
You are funny
##### add your solution here
This game is good
Today is sunny2) For the input file ip.txt, display the first field of lines not containing y. Consider space as the field separator for this file.
##### add your solution here
Hello
This
123453) For the input file ip.txt, display all lines containing no more than 2 fields.
##### add your solution here
Hello World
123454) For the input file ip.txt, display all lines containing is in the second field.
##### add your solution here
Today is sunny5) For each line of the input file ip.txt, replace the first occurrence of o with 0.
##### add your solution here
Hell0 World
H0w are you
This game is g0od
T0day is sunny
12345
Y0u are funny6) For the input file table.txt, calculate and display the product of numbers in the last field of each line. Consider space as the field separator for this file.
$ cat table.txt
brown bread mat hair 42
blue cake mug shirt -7
yellow banana window shoes 3.14
##### add your solution here
-923.16000000000017) Append . to all the input lines for the given stdin data.
$ printf 'last\nappend\nstop\ntail\n' | ##### add your solution here
last.
append.
stop.
tail.8) Use contents of the s variable to display matching lines from the input file ip.txt. Assume that s doesn't have any regexp metacharacters. Construct the solution such that there's at least one word character immediately preceding the contents of the s variable.
$ s='is'
##### add your solution here
This game is good9) Use system to display the contents of the filename present in the second field of the given input line. Consider space as the field separator.
$ s='report.log ip.txt sorted.txt'
$ echo "$s" | ##### add your solution here
Hello World
How are you
This game is good
Today is sunny
12345
You are funny
$ s='power.txt table.txt'
$ echo "$s" | ##### add your solution here
brown bread mat hair 42
blue cake mug shirt -7
yellow banana window shoes 3.141) For the given input, display except the third line.
$ seq 34 37 | ##### add your solution here
34
35
372) Display only the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh lines for the given input.
$ seq 65 78 | ##### add your solution here
68
69
70
713) For the input file ip.txt, replace all occurrences of are with are not and is with is not only from line number 4 till the end of file. Also, only the lines that were changed should be displayed in the output.
$ cat ip.txt
Hello World
How are you
This game is good
Today is sunny
12345
You are funny
##### add your solution here
Today is not sunny
You are not funny4) For the given stdin, display only the first three lines. Avoid processing lines that are not relevant.
$ seq 14 25 | ##### add your solution here
14
15
165) For the input file ip.txt, display all lines from the start of the file till the first occurrence of game.
##### add your solution here
Hello World
How are you
This game is good6) For the input file ip.txt, display all lines that contain is but not good.
##### add your solution here
Today is sunny7) For the input file ip.txt, extract the word before the whole word is as well as the word after it. If such a match is found, display the two words around is in reversed order. For example, hi;1 is--234 bye should be converted to 234:1. Assume that the whole word is will not be present more than once in a single line.
##### add your solution here
good:game
sunny:Today8) For the input file hex.txt, replace all occurrences of 0xA0 with 0x50 and 0xFF with 0x7F.
$ cat hex.txt
start: 0xA0, func1: 0xA0
end: 0xFF, func2: 0xB0
restart: 0xA010, func3: 0x7F
##### add your solution here
start: 0x50, func1: 0x50
end: 0x7F, func2: 0xB0
restart: 0x5010, func3: 0x7F9) For the input file text.txt, replace all occurrences of in with an and write back the changes to text.txt itself. The original contents should get saved to text.txt.orig.
$ cat text.txt
can ran want plant
tin fin fit mine line
##### add your solution here
$ cat text.txt
can ran want plant
tan fan fit mane lane
$ cat text.txt.orig
can ran want plant
tin fin fit mine line10) For the input file text.txt, replace all occurrences of an with in and write back the changes to text.txt itself. Do not create backups for this exercise. Note that you should have solved the previous exercise before starting this one.
$ cat text.txt
can ran want plant
tan fan fit mane lane
##### add your solution here
$ cat text.txt
cin rin wint plint
tin fin fit mine line
$ diff text.txt text.txt.orig
1c1
< cin rin wint plint
---
> can ran want plant11) Find the starting index of first occurrence of is or the or was or to for each input line of the file idx.txt. Assume that every input line will match at least one of these terms.
$ cat idx.txt
match after the last newline character
and then you want to test
this is good bye then
you were there to see?
##### add your solution here
12
4
2
912) Display all lines containing [4]* for the given stdin data.
$ printf '2.3/[4]*6\n2[4]5\n5.3-[4]*9\n' | ##### add your solution here
2.3/[4]*6
5.3-[4]*913) For the given input string, change all lowercase alphabets to x only for words starting with m.
$ s='ma2T3a a2p kite e2e3m meet'
$ echo "$s" | ##### add your solution here
xx2T3x a2p kite e2e3m xxxx14) For the input file ip.txt, delete all characters other than lowercase vowels and the newline character. Perform this transformation only between a line containing you up to line number 4 (inclusive).
##### add your solution here
Hello World
oaeou
iaeioo
oaiu
12345
You are funny15) For the input file sample.txt, display from the start of the file till the first occurrence of are, excluding the matching line.
$ cat sample.txt
Hello World
Good day
How are you
Just do-it
Believe it
Today is sunny
Not a bit funny
No doubt you like it too
Much ado about nothing
He he he
##### add your solution here
Hello World
Good day16) For the input file sample.txt, display from the last occurrence of do till the end of the file.
##### add your solution here
Much ado about nothing
He he he17) For the input file sample.txt, display from the 9th line till a line containing you.
##### add your solution here
Today is sunny
Not a bit funny
No doubt you like it too18) Display only the odd numbered lines from ip.txt.
##### add your solution here
Hello World
This game is good
1234519) For the table.txt file, print only the line number for lines containing air or win.
$ cat table.txt
brown bread mat hair 42
blue cake mug shirt -7
yellow banana window shoes 3.14
##### add your solution here
1
320) For the input file table.txt, calculate the sum of numbers in the last column, excluding the second line.
##### add your solution here
45.1421) Print the second and fourth line for every block of five lines.
$ seq 15 | ##### add your solution here
2
4
7
9
12
1422) For the input file ip.txt, display all lines containing e or u but not both.
##### add your solution here
Hello World
This game is good
Today is sunny1) For the input file brackets.txt, extract only the contents between () or )( from each input line. Assume that () characters will be present only once every line.
$ cat brackets.txt
foo blah blah(ice) 123 xyz$
(almond-pista) choco
yo )yoyo( yo
##### add your solution here
ice
almond-pista
yoyo2) For the input file scores.csv, extract Name and Physics fields in the format shown below.
$ cat scores.csv
Name,Maths,Physics,Chemistry
Blue,67,46,99
Lin,78,83,80
Er,56,79,92
Cy,97,98,95
Ort,68,72,66
Ith,100,100,100
##### add your solution here
Name:Physics
Blue:46
Lin:83
Er:79
Cy:98
Ort:72
Ith:1003) For the input file scores.csv, display names of those who've scored above 70 in Maths.
##### add your solution here
Lin
Cy
Ith4) Display the number of word characters for the given inputs. Word definition here is same as used in regular expressions. Can you construct a solution with gsub and one without the substitution functions?
# solve using gsub
$ echo 'hi there' | ##### add your solution here
7
# solve without using the substitution functions
$ echo 'u-no;co%."(do_12:as' | ##### add your solution here
125) For the input file quoted.txt, extract the sequence of characters surrounded by double quotes and display them in the format shown below.
$ cat quoted.txt
1 "grape" and "mango" and "guava"
("c 1""d""a-2""b")
##### add your solution here
"grape","guava","mango"
"a-2","b","c 1","d"6) Display only the third and fifth characters from each input line.
$ printf 'restore\ncat one\ncricket' | ##### add your solution here
so
to
ik7) Transform the given input file fw.txt to get the output as shown below. If the second field is empty (i.e. contains only space characters), replace it with NA.
$ cat fw.txt
1.3 rs 90 0.134563
3.8 6
5.2 ye 8.2387
4.2 kt 32 45.1
##### add your solution here
1.3,rs,0.134563
3.8,NA,6
5.2,ye,8.2387
4.2,kt,45.18) For the input file scores.csv, display the header as well as any row which contains b or t (irrespective of case) in the first field.
##### add your solution here
Name,Maths,Physics,Chemistry
Blue,67,46,99
Ort,68,72,66
Ith,100,100,1009) Extract all whole words containing 42 but not at the edge of a word. Assume a word cannot contain 42 more than once.
$ s='hi42bye nice1423 bad42 cool_42a 42fake'
$ echo "$s" | ##### add your solution here
hi42bye
nice1423
cool_42a10) For the input file scores.csv, add another column named GP which is calculated out of 100 by giving 50% weightage to Maths and 25% each for Physics and Chemistry.
##### add your solution here
Name,Maths,Physics,Chemistry,GP
Blue,67,46,99,69.75
Lin,78,83,80,79.75
Er,56,79,92,70.75
Cy,97,98,95,96.75
Ort,68,72,66,68.5
Ith,100,100,100,100.011) For the input file mixed_fs.txt, retain only the first two fields from each input line. The input and output field separators should be space for first two lines and , for the rest of the lines.
$ cat mixed_fs.txt
rose lily jasmine tulip
pink blue white yellow
car,mat,ball,basket
light green,brown,black,purple
apple,banana,cherry
##### add your solution here
rose lily
pink blue
car,mat
light green,brown
apple,banana12) For the given space separated numbers, filter only numbers in the range 20 to 1000 (inclusive).
$ s='20 -983 5 756 634223 1000'
$ echo "$s" | ##### add your solution here
20 756 100013) For the given space separated words, randomize the order of characters for each word.
$ s='this is a sample sentence'
# sample randomized output shown here, could be different for you
$ echo "$s" | ##### add your solution here
shti si a salemp sneentce14) For the given input file words.txt, filter all lines containing characters in ascending and descending order.
$ cat words.txt
bot
art
are
boat
toe
flee
reed
# ascending order
##### add your solution here
bot
art
# descending order
##### add your solution here
toe
reed15) For the given space separated words, extract the three longest words.
$ s='I bought two bananas and three mangoes'
$ echo "$s" | ##### add your solution here
mangoes
bananas
bought16) Convert the contents of split.txt as shown below.
$ cat split.txt
apple,1:2:5,mango
wry,4,look
pencil,3:8,paper
##### add your solution here
apple,1,mango
apple,2,mango
apple,5,mango
wry,4,look
pencil,3,paper
pencil,8,paper17) For the input file varying_fields.txt, construct a solution to get the output shown below.
$ cat varying_fields.txt
hi,bye,there,was,here,to
1,2,3,4,5
##### add your solution here
hi:bye:to
1:2:518) The fields.txt file has fields separated by the : character. Delete : and the last field if there is a digit character anywhere before the last field. Solution shouldn't use the substitution functions.
$ cat fields.txt
42:cat
twelve:a2b
we:be:he:0:a:b:bother
apple:banana-42:cherry:
dragon:unicorn:centaur
##### add your solution here
42
twelve:a2b
we:be:he:0:a:b
apple:banana-42:cherry
dragon:unicorn:centaur19) The sample string shown below uses cat as the field separator (irrespective of case). Use space as the output field separator and add 42 as the last field.
$ s='applecatfigCaT12345cAtbanana'
$ echo "$s" | ##### add your solution here
apple fig 12345 banana 4220) For the input file sample.txt, filter lines containing 5 or more lowercase vowels.
##### add your solution here
How are you
Believe it
No doubt you like it too
Much ado about nothing1) The input file jumbled.txt consists of words separated by various delimiters. Display the last four words that contain an or at or in or it, one per line.
$ cat jumbled.txt
overcoats;furrowing-typeface%pewter##hobby
wavering:concession/woof\retailer
joint[]seer{intuition}titanic
##### add your solution here
wavering
joint
intuition
titanic2) Emulate paste -sd, with Ruby.
# this command joins all input lines with the ',' character
$ paste -sd, ip.txt
Hello World,How are you,This game is good,Today is sunny,12345,You are funny
# make sure there's no ',' at the end of the line
# and that there's a newline character at the end of the line
##### add your solution here
Hello World,How are you,This game is good,Today is sunny,12345,You are funny
# if there's only one line in input, again make sure there's no trailing ','
# and that there's a newline character at the end of the line
$ printf 'fig' | paste -sd,
fig
$ printf 'fig' | ##### add your solution here
fig3) For the input file sample.txt, extract all paragraphs having words starting with do.
$ cat sample.txt
Hello World
Good day
How are you
Just do-it
Believe it
Today is sunny
Not a bit funny
No doubt you like it too
Much ado about nothing
He he he
# note that there's no extra empty line at the end of the output
##### add your solution here
Just do-it
Believe it
Today is sunny
Not a bit funny
No doubt you like it too4) For the input file sample.txt, change each paragraph to a single line by joining lines using . and a space character as the separator. Also, add a final . to each paragraph.
# note that there's no extra empty line at the end of the output
##### add your solution here
Hello World.
Good day. How are you.
Just do-it. Believe it.
Today is sunny. Not a bit funny. No doubt you like it too.
Much ado about nothing. He he he.5) For the given input, use ;; as the record separators and : as the field separators. Filter records whose second field is greater than 50.
$ s='mango:100;;apple:25;;grapes:75'
# note that the output has ;; at the end, not a newline character
$ printf "$s" | ##### add your solution here
mango:100;;grapes:75;;6) The input file f1.txt has varying amount of empty lines between the records. Change them to be always two empty lines. Also, remove empty lines at the start and end of the file.
##### add your solution here
hello
world
apple
banana
cherry
tea coffee
chocolate7) The sample string shown below uses cat as the record separator. Display only the even numbered records separated by a single empty line.
$ s='applecatfigcat12345catbananacatguava:cat:mangocat3'
$ echo "$s" | ##### add your solution here
fig
banana
:mango1) Print the last field of first two lines for the input files table.txt and ip.txt. Assume space as the field separators for these two files. To make the output more informative, print filenames and a separator as shown in the output below. Assume that the input files will have at least two lines.
# table.txt ip.txt are passed as file inputs
##### add your solution here
>table.txt<
42
-7
----------
>ip.txt<
World
you
----------2) For the input files sample.txt, secrets.txt, ip.txt and table.txt, display only the names of files that contain at or fun in the third field. Assume space as the field separator.
##### add your solution here
secrets.txt
ip.txt
table.txt3) Print the first two lines from the input files ip.txt, sample.txt and table.txt. Also, add a separator between the results as shown below (note that the separator isn't present at the end of the output). Assume that the input files will have at least two lines.
##### add your solution here
Hello World
How are you
---
Hello World
---
brown bread mat hair 42
blue cake mug shirt -74) Print only the second field of the third line, if any, from these input files: ip.txt, sample.txt and copyright.txt. Consider space as the field separator.
##### add your solution here
game
day
bla1) For the input file sample.txt, print lines containing do only if the previous line is empty and the line before that contains you.
##### add your solution here
Just do-it
Much ado about nothing2) For the input file sample.txt, match lines containing do or not case insensitively. Each of these terms occur multiple times in the file. The goal is to print only the second occurrences of these terms (independent of each other).
# for reference, here are all the matches
$ grep -i 'do' sample.txt
Just do-it
No doubt you like it too
Much ado about nothing
$ grep -i 'not' sample.txt
Not a bit funny
Much ado about nothing
##### add your solution here
No doubt you like it too
Much ado about nothing3) For the input file sample.txt, print the matching lines containing are or bit as well as n lines around the matching lines. The value for n is passed to the Ruby command as an environment value.
$ n=1 ##### add your solution here
Good day
How are you
Today is sunny
Not a bit funny
No doubt you like it too
# note that the first and last line are empty for this case
$ n=2 ##### add your solution here
Good day
How are you
Just do-it
Today is sunny
Not a bit funny
No doubt you like it too
4) For the input file broken.txt, print all lines between the markers top and bottom. The first Ruby command shown below doesn't work because it is matching till the end of file as the second marker isn't found. Assume that the input file cannot have two top markers without a bottom marker appearing in between and vice-versa.
$ cat broken.txt
top
3.14
bottom
---
top
1234567890
bottom
top
Hi there
Have a nice day
Good bye
# wrong output
$ ruby -ne '$f=false if /bottom/; print if $f; $f=true if /top/' broken.txt
3.14
1234567890
Hi there
Have a nice day
Good bye
# expected output
##### add your solution here
3.14
12345678905) For the input file concat.txt, extract contents from a line starting with %%% until but not including the next such line. The block to be extracted is indicated by the variable n passed as an environment value.
$ cat concat.txt
%%% addr.txt
How are you
This game is good
Today %%% is sunny
%%% broken.txt
top %%%
1234567890
bottom
%%% sample.txt
Just %%% do-it
Believe it
%%% mixed_fs.txt
pink blue white yellow
car,mat,ball,basket
$ n=2 ##### add your solution here
%%% broken.txt
top %%%
1234567890
bottom
$ n=4 ##### add your solution here
%%% mixed_fs.txt
pink blue white yellow
car,mat,ball,basket6) For the input file ruby.md, replace all occurrences of ruby (irrespective of case) with Ruby. But, do not replace any matches between ```ruby and ``` lines (ruby in these markers shouldn't be replaced either). Save the output in out.md.
##### add your solution here, redirect the output to 'out.md'
$ diff -sq out.md expected.md
Files out.md and expected.md are identical7) Print the last two lines for each of the input files ip.txt, sample.txt and table.txt. Also, add a separator between the results as shown below (note that the separator isn't present at the end of the output). Assume that the input files will have at least two lines.
##### add your solution here
12345
You are funny
---
Much ado about nothing
He he he
---
blue cake mug shirt -7
yellow banana window shoes 3.148) For the input file lines.txt, delete the line that comes after a whole line containing ---. Assume that such lines won't occur consecutively.
$ cat lines.txt
Go There
come on
go there
---
2 apples and 5 mangoes
come on!
---
2 Apples
COME ON
##### add your solution here
Go There
come on
go there
---
come on!
---
COME ON9) For the input file result.csv, use --- to separate entries with the same name in the first column. Assume that the lines with the same first column value will always be next to each other.
$ cat result.csv
Amy,maths,89
Amy,physics,75
Joe,maths,79
John,chemistry,77
John,physics,91
Moe,maths,81
Ravi,physics,84
Ravi,chemistry,70
Yui,maths,92
##### add your solution here
Amy,maths,89
Amy,physics,75
---
Joe,maths,79
---
John,chemistry,77
John,physics,91
---
Moe,maths,81
---
Ravi,physics,84
Ravi,chemistry,70
---
Yui,maths,9210) The input file multisort.csv has two fields separated by the comma character. Sort this file based on the number of : characters in the second field. Use alphabetic order as the tie-breaker if there are multiple lines with the same number of : characters in the second field.
$ cat multisort.csv
papaya,2
apple,4:5:2
mango,100
dark:chocolate,12:32
cherry,1:2:1:4:2:1
almond,3:14:6:28
banana,23:8
##### add your solution here
mango,100
papaya,2
banana,23:8
dark:chocolate,12:32
apple,4:5:2
almond,3:14:6:28
cherry,1:2:1:4:2:11) Use the contents of match_words.txt file to display matching lines from jumbled.txt and sample.txt. The matching criteria is that the second word of lines from these files should match the third word of lines from match_words.txt.
$ cat match_words.txt
%whole(Hello)--{doubt}==ado==
just,\joint*,concession<=nice
# 'concession' is one of the third words from 'match_words.txt'
# and second word from 'jumbled.txt'
##### add your solution here
wavering:concession/woof\retailer
No doubt you like it too2) Interleave the contents of secrets.txt with the contents of a file passed as stdin in the format as shown below.
##### add your solution here, use 'table.txt' as stdin
stag area row tick
brown bread mat hair 42
---
deaf chi rate tall glad
blue cake mug shirt -7
---
Bi tac toe - 42
yellow banana window shoes 3.143) The file search_terms.txt contains one search string per line, and these terms have no regexp metacharacters. Construct a solution that reads this file and displays the search terms (matched case insensitively) that were found in every file passed as the arguments after search_terms.txt. Note that these terms should be matched anywhere in the line (so, don't use word boundaries).
$ cat search_terms.txt
hello
row
you
is
at
# ip: search_terms.txt jumbled.txt mixed_fs.txt secrets.txt table.txt oops.txt
##### add your solution here
row
at
# ip: search_terms.txt ip.txt sample.txt oops.txt
##### add your solution here
hello
you
is4) For the input file ip.txt, print all lines that contain are and the line that comes after such a line, if any. Use the gets method to construct the solution.
# note that there shouldn't be an empty line at the end of the output
##### add your solution here
How are you
This game is good
You are funnyBonus: Will grep -A1 'is' ip.txt give identical results for your solution with is as the search term? If not, why?
5) Replace the third to fifth lines of the input file ip.txt with the second to fourth lines from the file para.txt.
##### add your solution here
Hello World
How are you
Start working on that
project you always wanted
to, do not let it end
You are funny6) Insert one line from jumbled.txt before every two lines of copyright.txt.
##### add your solution here
overcoats;furrowing-typeface%pewter##hobby
bla bla 2015 bla
blah 2018 blah
wavering:concession/woof\retailer
bla bla bla
copyright: 20187) Use the entire contents of match.txt to search error.txt and replace matching portions with the contents of jumbled.txt. Partial lines should NOT be matched.
$ cat match.txt
print+this
but not that
$ cat error.txt
print+this
but not that or this
print+this
but not that
if print+this
but not that
print+this
but not that
##### add your solution here
print+this
but not that or this
overcoats;furrowing-typeface%pewter##hobby
wavering:concession/woof\retailer
joint[]seer{intuition}titanic
if print+this
but not that
overcoats;furrowing-typeface%pewter##hobby
wavering:concession/woof\retailer
joint[]seer{intuition}titanic8) Display lines from scores.csv by matching the first field based on a list of names from the names.txt file. Also, change the output field separator to a space character.
$ cat names.txt
Lin
Cy
Ith
##### add your solution here
Lin 78 83 80
Cy 97 98 95
Ith 100 100 1009) The result.csv file has three columns — name, subject and mark. The criteria.txt file has two columns — name and subject. Match lines from result.csv based on the two columns from criteria.txt provided the mark column is greater than 80.
$ cat result.csv
Amy,maths,89
Amy,physics,75
Joe,maths,79
John,chemistry,77
John,physics,91
Moe,maths,81
Ravi,physics,84
Ravi,chemistry,70
Yui,maths,92
$ cat criteria.txt
Amy maths
John chemistry
John physics
Ravi chemistry
Yui maths
##### add your solution here
Amy,maths,89
John,physics,91
Yui,maths,9210) Insert the contents of hex.txt before a line matching cake of table.txt.
##### add your solution here
brown bread mat hair 42
start: 0xA0, func1: 0xA0
end: 0xFF, func2: 0xB0
restart: 0xA010, func3: 0x7F
blue cake mug shirt -7
yellow banana window shoes 3.1411) For the input file ip.txt, replace lines containing are with the contents of hex.txt.
##### add your solution here
Hello World
start: 0xA0, func1: 0xA0
end: 0xFF, func2: 0xB0
restart: 0xA010, func3: 0x7F
This game is good
Today is sunny
12345
start: 0xA0, func1: 0xA0
end: 0xFF, func2: 0xB0
restart: 0xA010, func3: 0x7F1) Retain only the first copy of a line for the input file lines.txt. Case should be ignored while comparing the lines. For example, hi there and HI TheRE should be considered as duplicates.
$ cat lines.txt
Go There
come on
go there
---
2 apples and 5 mangoes
come on!
---
2 Apples
COME ON
##### add your solution here
Go There
come on
---
2 apples and 5 mangoes
come on!
2 Apples2) Retain only the first copy of a line for the input file twos.txt. Assume space as the field separator with exactly two fields per line. Compare the lines irrespective of the order of the fields. For example, hehe haha and haha hehe should be considered as duplicates.
$ cat twos.txt
hehe haha
door floor
haha hehe
6;8 3-4
true blue
hehe bebe
floor door
3-4 6;8
tru eblue
haha hehe
##### add your solution here
hehe haha
door floor
6;8 3-4
true blue
hehe bebe
tru eblue3) For the input file twos.txt, display only the unique lines. Assume space as the field separator with exactly two fields per line. Compare the lines irrespective of the order of the fields. For example, hehe haha and haha hehe should be considered as duplicates.
##### add your solution here
true blue
hehe bebe
tru eblue