ascii-doc.adoc_

= Asciidoctor
Dan Allen <https://github.com/mojavelinux[@mojavelinux]>; Sarah White <https://github.com/graphitefriction[@graphitefriction]>; Ryan Waldron <https://github.com/erebor[@erebor]>
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// Variables:
:release-version: 2.0.12
// URIs:
:uri-org: https://github.com/asciidoctor
:uri-repo: {uri-org}/asciidoctor
:uri-asciidoctorj: {uri-org}/asciidoctorj
:uri-asciidoctorjs: {uri-org}/asciidoctor.js
:uri-gradle-plugin: {uri-org}/asciidoctor-gradle-plugin
:uri-maven-plugin: {uri-org}/asciidoctor-maven-plugin
:uri-asciidoclet: {uri-org}/asciidoclet
:uri-project: https://asciidoctor.org
:uri-gem: https://rubygems.org/gems/asciidoctor
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:uri-docs: {uri-project}/docs
:uri-news: {uri-project}/news
:uri-manpage: {uri-project}/man/asciidoctor
:uri-issues: {uri-repo}/issues
:uri-contributors: {uri-repo}/graphs/contributors
:uri-rel-file-base: link:
:uri-rel-tree-base: link:
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:uri-rel-file-base: {uri-repo}/blob/master/
:uri-rel-tree-base: {uri-repo}/tree/master/
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:uri-changelog: {uri-rel-file-base}CHANGELOG.adoc
:uri-contribute: {uri-rel-file-base}CONTRIBUTING.adoc
:uri-license: {uri-rel-file-base}LICENSE
:uri-tests: {uri-rel-tree-base}test
:uri-discuss: https://discuss.asciidoctor.org
:uri-chat: https://asciidoctor.zulipchat.com
:uri-rubygem: https://rubygems.org/gems/asciidoctor
:uri-what-is-asciidoc: {uri-docs}/what-is-asciidoc
:uri-user-manual: {uri-docs}/user-manual
:uri-install-docker: https://github.com/asciidoctor/docker-asciidoctor
//:uri-install-doc: {uri-docs}/install-toolchain
:uri-install-macos-doc: {uri-docs}/install-asciidoctor-macos
:uri-convert-doc: {uri-docs}/convert-documents
:uri-themes-doc: {uri-docs}/produce-custom-themes-using-asciidoctor-stylesheet-factory
:uri-gitscm-repo: https://github.com/git/git-scm.com
:uri-prototype: {uri-gitscm-repo}/commits/master/lib/asciidoc.rb
:uri-freesoftware: https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html
:uri-foundation: https://foundation.zurb.com
:uri-opal: https://opalrb.com
:uri-tilt: https://github.com/rtomayko/tilt
:uri-ruby: https://www.ruby-lang.org
// images:
:image-uri-screenshot: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/asciidoctor/asciidoctor/master/screenshot.png

{uri-project}[Asciidoctor] is a _fast_, {uri-license}[open source] text processor and publishing toolchain for converting {uri-what-is-asciidoc}[AsciiDoc] content to HTML5, DocBook, PDF, and other formats.
Asciidoctor is written in Ruby and runs on all major operating systems.
The Asciidoctor project is {uri-repo}[hosted on GitHub].

To simplify installation, Asciidoctor is packaged and distributed as a RubyGem (aka gem) to {uri-rubygem}[RubyGems.org].
It's also distributed as a package for popular Linux distributions and macOS.
In addition to running on Ruby, Asciidoctor can be executed on a JVM using {uri-asciidoctorj}[AsciidoctorJ] or in any JavaScript environment (including the browser) using {uri-asciidoctorjs}[Asciidoctor.js].

ifndef::env-site,env-yard[]
This document is also available in the following languages: +
{uri-rel-file-base}README-zh_CN.adoc[汉语]
|
{uri-rel-file-base}README-de.adoc[Deutsch]
|
{uri-rel-file-base}README-fr.adoc[Français]
|
{uri-rel-file-base}README-jp.adoc[日本語]
endif::[]

.Key documentation
[.compact]
* {uri-docs}/what-is-asciidoc[What is AsciiDoc?]
* {uri-docs}/asciidoc-writers-guide[AsciiDoc Writer's Guide]
* {uri-docs}/user-manual[Asciidoctor User Manual]
* {uri-docs}/asciidoc-syntax-quick-reference[AsciiDoc Syntax Reference]

ifdef::status[]
image:https://img.shields.io/gem/v/asciidoctor.svg[Latest Release, link={uri-gem}]
image:https://img.shields.io/badge/rubydoc.info-{release-version}-blue.svg[library (API) docs,link=https://www.rubydoc.info/gems/asciidoctor/{release-version}]
image:https://github.com/asciidoctor/asciidoctor/workflows/CI/badge.svg[Build Status (GitHub Actions),link={uri-repo}/actions]
//image:https://img.shields.io/coveralls/asciidoctor/asciidoctor/master.svg[Code Coverage,link=https://coveralls.io/r/asciidoctor/asciidoctor]
//image:https://codeclimate.com/github/asciidoctor/asciidoctor/badges/gpa.svg[Code Climate,link=https://codeclimate.com/github/asciidoctor/asciidoctor]
//image:https://inch-ci.org/github/asciidoctor/asciidoctor.svg?branch=master[Docs Coverage,link=https://inch-ci.org/github/asciidoctor/asciidoctor]
image:https://img.shields.io/badge/zulip-join_chat-brightgreen.svg[Project Chat (Zulip),link={uri-chat}]
endif::[]

== Sponsors

We want to recognize our {uri-project}/supporters[sponsors] for their commitment to improving the state of technical documentation by supporting this project.
Thank you sponsors!
Without your generous support, Asciidoctor would not be possible.

You can support this project by becoming a sponsor through https://opencollective.com/asciidoctor[OpenCollective].

== The Big Picture

Asciidoctor reads content written in plain text, as shown in the panel on the left in the image below, and converts it to HTML5, as shown rendered in the right panel.
Asciidoctor applies a default stylesheet to the HTML5 document to provide a pleasant out-of-the-box experience.

image::{image-uri-screenshot}[Preview of AsciiDoc source and corresponding rendered HTML]

== AsciiDoc Processing

Asciidoctor reads and parses text written in the AsciiDoc syntax, then feeds the parse tree to a set of built-in converters to produce HTML5, DocBook 5, and man(ual) page output.
You have the option of using your own converter or loading {uri-tilt}[Tilt]-supported templates to customize the generated output or produce additional formats.

Asciidoctor is a drop-in replacement for its predecessor, AsciiDoc Python (`asciidoc.py`).
The Asciidoctor test suite has {uri-tests}[> 2,350 tests] to ensure compatibility with the AsciiDoc syntax.

In addition to the classic AsciiDoc syntax, Asciidoctor recognizes additional markup and formatting options, such as font-based icons (e.g., `+icon:fire[]+`) and UI elements (e.g., `+button:[Save]+`).
Asciidoctor also offers a modern, responsive theme based on {uri-foundation}[Foundation] to style the HTML5 output.

== Where Ruby goes, Asciidoctor follows

You can run Asciidoctor on the JVM using JRuby.
To invoke the Asciidoctor API directly from Java and other JVM languages, use {uri-asciidoctorj}[AsciidoctorJ].
There are plugins available for {uri-maven-plugin}[Apache Maven], {uri-gradle-plugin}[Gradle], and {uri-asciidoclet}[Javadoc], which allow you to integrate AsciiDoc processing directly into your build using AsciidoctorJ.

Asciidoctor also runs in JavaScript.
{uri-opal}[Opal] is used to transcompile the Ruby source to JavaScript to produce {uri-asciidoctorjs}[Asciidoctor.js].
Asciidoctor.js is a fully-functional version of Asciidoctor that works in any JavaScript environment, such as a web browser or Node.js.
It's used to power the AsciiDoc preview extensions for Chrome, Atom, Brackets and other web-based tooling.

== Requirements

Asciidoctor works on Linux, macOS and Windows and requires one of the following implementations of {uri-ruby}[Ruby]:

* CRuby (aka MRI) 2.3 - 3.0
* JRuby 9.1 - 9.2
* TruffleRuby (GraalVM)
* Opal (JavaScript)

[CAUTION]
====
If you're using a non-English Windows environment, you may bump into an `Encoding::UndefinedConversionError` when invoking Asciidoctor.
To solve this issue, we recommend changing the active code page in your console to UTF-8:

 chcp 65001

Once you make this change, all your Unicode headaches will be behind you.
If you're using an IDE like Eclipse, make sure you set the encoding to UTF-8 there as well.
Asciidoctor works best when you use UTF-8 everywhere.
====

== Installation

Asciidoctor can be installed using (a) package managers for popular Linux distributions, (b) Homebrew for macOS, (c) the `gem install` command (recommended for Windows users or if you'll be installing additional gems), (d) the Asciidoctor Docker image, or (e) Bundler.

The benefit of using your operating system's package manager to install the gem is that it handles installing Ruby and the RubyGems library if those packages are not already installed on your machine.

=== (a) Linux package managers

The version of Asciidoctor installed by the package manager may not match the latest release of Asciidoctor.
Consult the package repository for your distribution to find out which version is packaged per distribution release.

* https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/packages?name=asciidoctor[Alpine Linux (asciidoctor)]
* https://www.archlinux.org/packages/?name=asciidoctor[Arch Linux (asciidoctor)]
* https://packages.debian.org/sid/asciidoctor[Debian (asciidoctor)]
* https://apps.fedoraproject.org/packages/rubygem-asciidoctor[Fedora (asciidoctor)]
* https://software.opensuse.org/package/rubygem-asciidoctor[OpenSUSE (rubygem-asciidoctor)]
* https://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=asciidoctor[Ubuntu (asciidoctor)]

If you want to use a version of Asciidoctor that is newer than what is installed by the package manager, see the <<gem-install,gem installation instructions>>.

==== apk (Alpine Linux)

To install the gem on Alpine Linux, open a terminal and type:

 $ sudo apk add asciidoctor

==== pacman (Arch Linux)

To install the gem on Arch-based distributions, open a terminal and type:

 $ sudo pacman -S asciidoctor

==== APT

On Debian and Debian-based distributions such as Ubuntu, use APT to install Asciidoctor.
To install the package, open a terminal and type:

 $ sudo apt-get install -y asciidoctor

==== DNF

On RPM-based Linux distributions, such as Fedora, CentOS, and RHEL, use the DNF package manager to install Asciidoctor.
To install the package, open a terminal and type:

 $ sudo dnf install -y asciidoctor

=== (b) Homebrew (macOS)

You can use Homebrew, the macOS package manager, to install Asciidoctor.
If you don’t have Homebrew on your computer, complete the installation instructions at https://brew.sh/[brew.sh] first.
Once Homebrew is installed, you’re ready to install the `asciidoctor` gem.
Open a terminal and type:

 $ brew install asciidoctor

Homebrew installs the `asciidoctor` gem into an exclusive prefix that's independent of system gems.

=== (c) Windows

To use Asciidoctor with Windows, you have two easy options.

==== Chocolatey

When you already use https://chocolatey.org[chocolatey] on your machine, you can use:

[source]
----
choco install ruby
----

Then follow <<gem-install,gem installation instructions>>.

==== Rubyinstaller

Or you use the https://rubyinstaller.org/downloads/[Rubyinstaller], download the package for your Windows Version and after the installation go ahead with <<gem-install,gem installation instructions>>.

[#gem-install]
=== (d) gem install

Before installing Asciidoctor using `gem install`, you should set up https://rvm.io[RVM] to install Ruby in your home directory (i.e., user space).
Then, you can safely use the `gem` command to install or update the Asciidoctor gem, or any other gem for that matter.
When using RVM, gems are installed in a location isolated from the system.

Once you've installed Ruby using RVM, and you have activated it using `rvm use 2.6`, open a terminal and type:

 $ gem install asciidoctor

If you want to install a pre-release version (e.g., a release candidate), use:

 $ gem install asciidoctor --pre

=== (e) Docker

See {uri-install-docker}[Installing Asciidoctor using Docker].

=== (f) Bundler

. Create a Gemfile in the root folder of your project (or the current directory)
. Add the `asciidoctor` gem to your Gemfile as follows:
+
[source,subs=attributes+]
----
source 'https://rubygems.org'
gem 'asciidoctor'
# or specify the version explicitly
# gem 'asciidoctor', '{release-version}'
----

. Save the Gemfile
. Open a terminal and install the gem using:

 $ bundle

To upgrade the gem, specify the new version in the Gemfile and run `bundle` again.
Using `bundle update` (without specifying a gem) is *not* recommended as it will also update other gems, which may not be the desired result.

== Upgrade

If you installed Asciidoctor using a package manager, your operating system is probably configured to automatically update packages, in which case you don't need to update the gem manually.

=== apk (Alpine Linux)

To upgrade the gem, use:

 $ sudo apk add -u asciidoctor

=== APT

To upgrade the gem, use:

 $ sudo apt-get upgrade -y asciidoctor

=== DNF

To upgrade the gem, use:

 $ sudo dnf update -y asciidoctor

=== Homebrew (macOS)

To upgrade the gem, use:

 $ brew update
 $ brew upgrade asciidoctor

=== gem install

If you previously installed Asciidoctor using the `gem` command, you'll need to manually upgrade Asciidoctor when a new version is released.
You can upgrade the gem by typing:

 $ gem install asciidoctor

When you install a new version of the gem using `gem install`, you end up with multiple versions installed.
Use the following command to remove the old versions:

 $ gem cleanup asciidoctor

== Usage

If the Asciidoctor gem installed successfully, the `asciidoctor` command line interface (CLI) will be available on your PATH.
To verify it's available, run the following in your terminal:

 $ asciidoctor --version

You should see information about the Asciidoctor version and your Ruby environment printed in the terminal.

[.output,subs=attributes+]
....
Asciidoctor {release-version} [https://asciidoctor.org]
Runtime Environment (ruby 2.6.0p0 [x86_64-linux]) (lc:UTF-8 fs:UTF-8 in:- ex:UTF-8)
....

Asciidoctor also provides an API.
The API is intended for integration with other Ruby software, such as Rails, Sinatra and GitHub, and other languages, such as Java (via {uri-asciidoctorj}[AsciidoctorJ]) and JavaScript (via {uri-asciidoctorjs}[Asciidoctor.js]).

=== Command line interface (CLI)

The `asciidoctor` command allows you to invoke Asciidoctor from the command line (i.e., a terminal).

The following command converts the file README.adoc to HTML and saves the result to the file README.html in the same directory.
The name of the generated HTML file is derived from the source file by changing its file extension to `.html`.

 $ asciidoctor README.adoc

You can control the Asciidoctor processor by adding various flags and switches, which you can learn about using:

 $ asciidoctor --help

For instance, to write the file to a different directory, use:

 $ asciidoctor -D output README.adoc

The `asciidoctor` {uri-manpage}[man page] provides a complete reference of the command line interface.

Refer to the following resources to learn more about how to use the `asciidoctor` command.

* {uri-convert-doc}[How do I convert a document?]
* {uri-themes-doc}[How do I use the Asciidoctor stylesheet factory to produce custom themes?]

=== Ruby API

To use Asciidoctor in your application, you first need to require the gem:

[source]
require 'asciidoctor'

You can then convert an AsciiDoc source file to an HTML file using:

[source]
Asciidoctor.convert_file 'README.adoc', to_file: true, safe: :safe

WARNING: When using Asciidoctor via the API, the default safe mode is `:secure`.
In secure mode, several core features are disabled, including the `include` directive.
If you want to enable these features, you'll need to explicitly set the safe mode to `:server` (recommended) or `:safe`.

You can also convert an AsciiDoc string to embeddable HTML (for inserting in an HTML page) using:

[source]
----
content = '_Zen_ in the art of writing https://asciidoctor.org[AsciiDoc].'
Asciidoctor.convert content, safe: :safe
----

If you want the full HTML document, enable the `header_footer` option as follows:

[source]
----
content = '_Zen_ in the art of writing https://asciidoctor.org[AsciiDoc].'
html = Asciidoctor.convert content, header_footer: true, safe: :safe
----

If you need access to the parsed document, you can split the conversion into discrete steps:

[source]
----
content = '_Zen_ in the art of writing https://asciidoctor.org[AsciiDoc].'
document = Asciidoctor.load content, header_footer: true, safe: :safe
puts document.doctitle
html = document.convert
----

Keep in mind that if you don't like the output Asciidoctor produces, _you can change it!_
Asciidoctor supports custom converters that can handle converting from the parsed document to the generated output.

One easy way to customize the output piecemeal is by using the template converter.
The template converter allows you to supply a {uri-tilt}[Tilt]-supported template file to handle converting any node in the document.

However you go about it, you _can_ have 100% control over the output.
For more information about how to use the API or to customize the output, refer to the {uri-user-manual}[user manual].

== Contributing

New contributors are always welcome!
If you discover errors or omissions in the source code, documentation, or website content, please don't hesitate to submit an issue or open a pull request with a fix.

Here are some ways *you* can contribute:

* by using prerelease (alpha, beta or preview) versions
* by reporting bugs
* by suggesting new features
* by writing or editing documentation
* by writing code with tests -- _No patch is too small._
** fix typos
** add comments
** clean up inconsistent whitespace
** write tests!
* by refactoring code
* by fixing {uri-issues}[issues]
* by reviewing patches

The {uri-contribute}[Contributing] guide provides information on how to create, style, and submit issues, feature requests, code, and documentation to the Asciidoctor Project.

== Getting Help

Asciidoctor is developed to help you easily write and publish your content.
But we can't do it without your feedback!
We encourage you to ask questions and discuss any aspects of the project on the discussion list, on Twitter or in the chat room.

Chat (Zulip):: {uri-chat}
Discussion list (Nabble):: {uri-discuss}
Twitter:: Follow https://twitter.com/asciidoctor[@asciidoctor] or search for the https://twitter.com/search?f=tweets&q=%23asciidoctor[#asciidoctor] hashtag

ifdef::env-github[]
Further information and documentation about Asciidoctor can be found on the project's website.

{uri-project}[Home] | {uri-news}[News] | {uri-docs}[Docs]
endif::[]

The Asciidoctor organization on GitHub hosts the project's source code, issue tracker, and sub-projects.

Source repository (git):: {uri-repo}
Issue tracker:: {uri-issues}
Asciidoctor organization on GitHub:: {uri-org}

== Copyright and License

Copyright (C) 2012-2021 Dan Allen, Sarah White, Ryan Waldron, and the individual contributors to Asciidoctor.
Use of this software is granted under the terms of the MIT License.

See the {uri-license}[LICENSE] for the full license text.

== Authors

*Asciidoctor* is led by https://github.com/mojavelinux[Dan Allen] and https://github.com/graphitefriction[Sarah White] and has received contributions from {uri-contributors}[many individuals] in Asciidoctor's awesome community.
The project was initiated in 2012 by https://github.com/erebor[Ryan Waldron] and based on {uri-prototype}[a prototype] written by https://github.com/nickh[Nick Hengeveld].

*AsciiDoc* was started and maintained by Stuart Rackham from https://github.com/asciidoc/asciidoc/blob/master/CHANGELOG.txt[2002 to 2013] and has received contributions from many individuals in the https://github.com/asciidoc/asciidoc/graphs/contributors[AsciiDoc community].

== Trademarks

AsciiDoc is a Trademark of the Eclipse Foundation, Inc.

ifndef::env-site[]
== Changelog

ifeval::[{safe-mode-level} < 20]
include::CHANGELOG.adoc[tag=compact,leveloffset=+1]
endif::[]

Refer to the {uri-changelog}[CHANGELOG] for a complete list of changes in older releases.
endif::[]