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translation_en.txt
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Page 1
Universal Declaration of Human Rights Preamble
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world
in which human beings shall enjoy
freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people, Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law, Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between
nations, Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person
and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote
social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,
Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of
human rights and fundamental freedoms, Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,
Now, therefore, The General Assembly, Proclaims this Universal Declaration
of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive byPage 2
teaching and education to promote res
pect for these rights and freedoms and by
progressive measures, national and internat
ional, to secure their universal and
effective recognition and observance, bot
h among the peoples of Member States
themselves and among the peoples of terr
itories under their jurisdiction.
Article I
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are
endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a
spirit of brotherhood.
Article 2
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and fr
eedoms set forth in this Declaration,
without distinction of any kind, such as
race, colour, sex, language, religion,
political or other opinion, national or social origin, propert
y, birth or other status.
Furthermore, no distinction shall be
made on the basis of the political,
jurisdictional or international status of
the country or territory to which a person
belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-gov
erning or under any other
limitation of sovereignty.
Article 3
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and
security of person.
Article 4
No one shall be held in slav
ery or servitude; slavery
and the slave trade shall be
prohibited in all their forms.
Article 5
No one shall be subjected to
torture or to cruel, inhu
man or degrading treatment
or punishment.Page 3
Article 6
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law. Article 7
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any
discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such
discrimination. Article 8
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law. Article 9
No one shall be subjected to arbitr
ary arrest, detention or exile. Article 10 Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. Article 11 1. Everyone charged with a penal off
ence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he
has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
2. No one shall be held guilty of any penal
offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute
a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavierPage 4
penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed. Article 12 No one shall be subjected to arbitrary in
terference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks. Article 13 1. Everyone has the right to freedom
of movement and residence within the borders of each State. 2. Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to
return to his country. Article 14 1. Everyone has the right to seek and to
enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. 2. This right may not be invoked in
the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. Article 15 1. Everyone has the right to a nationality.
2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of
his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality. Article 16Page 5
1. Men and women of full age, without
any limitation due to race, nationality
or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution. 2. Marriage shall be entered into only wit
h the free and full consent of the intending spouses. 3. The family is the natural and fund
amental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
Article 17 1. Everyone has the right to own property
alone as well as in association with others. 2. No one shall be arbitrarily
deprived of his property. Article 18 Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right
includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in
community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in
teaching, practice, worship and observance. Article 19 Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes
freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
Article 20 1. Everyone has the right to freedom of
peaceful assembly and association. 2. No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
Article 21Page 6
1. Everyone has the right to take par
t in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives. 2. Everyone has the right to equal access
to public service in his country. 3. The will of the people shall be the
basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall
be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.
Article 22 Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in
accordance with the organization and resour
ces of each State, of the economic,
social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development
of his personality. Article 23 1. Everyone has the right to work, to fr
ee choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
2. Everyone, without any discrimination,
has the right to equal pay for equal work. 3. Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration
ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity,
and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection. 4. Everyone has the right to form and to
join trade unions for the protection of his interests. Article 24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of
working hours and periodic holidays with pay.Page 7
Article 25 1. Everyone has the right to a st
andard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social
services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. 2. Motherhood and childhood are
entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection. Article 26 1. Everyone has the right to education. E
ducation shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and prof
essional education shall be made
generally available and higher education shall be equa
lly accessible to all on the basis of merit. 2. Education shall be directed to
the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and
fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and
friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further
the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
3. Parents have a prior right to choos
e the kind of education that shall be given to their children. Article 27 1. Everyone has the right freely to part
icipate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.Page 8
2. Everyone has the right to the protec
tion of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author. Article 28 Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
Article 29 1. Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full
development of his personality is possible. 2. In the exercise of his rights and
freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect
for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society. 3. These rights and freedoms may in no ca
se be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article 30 Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity
or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.