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default-rules.yaml
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default-rules.yaml
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Name: InsightCloudSec
Description: Rapid7 InsightCloudSec default RBAC analysis rules
Uuid: 9371719c-1031-468c-91ed-576fdc9e9f59
# Exclusion expressions are evaluated with subject objects as an input
# Expression syntax can be found here: https://github.com/google/cel-spec/blob/master/doc/intro.md
GlobalExclusions:
- AddedBy: [email protected]
Comment: "Exclude kube-system from analysis"
Disabled: false
Expression: |
has(subject.namespace) && (subject.namespace == "kube-system")
LastModified: "2021-09-22T15:25:01+03:00"
- AddedBy: [email protected]
Comment: "Exclude system roles from analysis"
Disabled: false
Expression: |
has(subject.name) && subject.name.startsWith('system:')
LastModified: "2021-09-22T15:25:01+03:00"
- AddedBy: [email protected]
Comment: "Exclude gatekeeper-system/gatekeeper-admin from analysis"
Disabled: false
Expression: |
has(subject.namespace) && (subject.namespace == "gatekeeper-system") &&
has(subject.name) && (subject.name == "gatekeeper-admin")
LastModified: "2021-09-22T15:25:01+03:00"
ValidBefore: 0
# Analysis Rules
Rules:
- Name: Secret Readers
Description: Capture principals that can read secrets
References: []
Severity: HIGH
Uuid: 3c942117-f4ff-423a-83d4-f7d6b75a6b78
Recommendation: |
"Review the policy rules for \'" + (has(subject.namespace) ? subject.namespace +"/" : "") + subject.name + "\' ("+ subject.kind +") by running \'rbac-tool policy-rules -e " + subject.name +"\'.\n" +
"You can visualize the RBAC policy by running \'rbac-tool viz --include-subjects=" + subject.name +"\'"
# Analysis expressions are evaluated with array of SubjectPermissions object - see https://github.com/alcideio/rbac-tool/blob/master/pkg/rbac/subject_permissions.go#L11
# Expression syntax can be found here: https://github.com/google/cel-spec/blob/master/doc/intro.md
# In the expression when evaluating resources - use plural form (secrets not secret)
AnalysisExpr: |
subjects.filter(
subject, has(subject.allowedTo) && subject.allowedTo.exists(
rule,
(has(rule.verb) && rule.verb in ['get', '*']) && (has(rule.resource)
&& rule.resource in ['secrets', '*']) && (has(rule.apiGroup)
&& rule.apiGroup in ['core', '*'])
)
)
Exclusions:
- AddedBy: [email protected]
Comment: "Exclude kube-system from analysis"
Disabled: true
Expression: |
has(subject.namespace) && (subject.namespace == "kube-system")
LastModified: "2021-09-22T15:25:01+03:00"
ValidBefore: 0
- Name: Workload Creators & Editors
Description: Capture principals that can create or modify workloads of any kind (Deployments, Jobs, ...)
Severity: HIGH
Uuid: d5f5ea0c-82e9-4289-ba04-b40cc46be017
Recommendation: |
"Review the policy rules for \'" + (has(subject.namespace) ? subject.namespace +"/" : "") + subject.name + "\' ("+ subject.kind +") by running \'rbac-tool policy-rules -e " + subject.name +"\'.\n" +
"You can visualize the RBAC policy by running \'rbac-tool viz --include-subjects=" + subject.name +"\'"
References:
- https://certitude.consulting/blog/en/kubernetes-rbac-security-pitfalls/
# Analysis expressions are evaluated with array of SubjectPermissions object - see https://github.com/alcideio/rbac-tool/blob/master/pkg/rbac/subject_permissions.go#L11
# Expression syntax can be found here: https://github.com/google/cel-spec/blob/master/doc/intro.md
# In the expression when evaluating rule.resource - use plural form (secrets not secret)
AnalysisExpr: |
subjects.filter(
subject, has(subject.allowedTo) && subject.allowedTo.exists(
rule,
(has(rule.verb)
&& rule.verb in ['create', 'update', 'patch', '*']) &&(has(rule.resource)
&& rule.resource in ['deployments', 'replicationcontrollers','daemonsets', 'statefulsets', 'replicasets', 'pods', 'jobs','cronjobs', '*'])
&& (has(rule.apiGroup) && rule.apiGroup in ['core', 'batch','*'])
)
)
Exclusions: []
- Name: Identify Privileges Escalators - via impersonate
Description: Capture principals that can escalate privileges through the use of impersonation
Severity: CRITICAL
Uuid: a845ec84-8fec-4d64-8d8b-7c2b9ca05d63
References:
- https://certitude.consulting/blog/en/kubernetes-rbac-security-pitfalls/
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/
Recommendation: |
"Review the policy rules for \'" + (has(subject.namespace) ? subject.namespace +"/" : "") + subject.name + "\' ("+ subject.kind +") by running \'rbac-tool policy-rules -e " + subject.name +"\'.\n" +
"You can visualize the RBAC policy by running \'rbac-tool viz --include-subjects=" + subject.name +"\'"
# Analysis expressions are evaluated with array of SubjectPermissions object - see https://github.com/alcideio/rbac-tool/blob/master/pkg/rbac/subject_permissions.go#L11
# Expression syntax can be found here: https://github.com/google/cel-spec/blob/master/doc/intro.md
# In the expression when evaluating rule.resource - use plural form (secrets not secret)
AnalysisExpr: |
subjects.filter(
subject, has(subject.allowedTo) && subject.allowedTo.exists(
rule,
(has(rule.verb)
&& rule.verb in ['impersonate', '*']) &&(has(rule.resource)
&& rule.resource in ['users','groups','serviceaccounts', '*']) && (has(rule.apiGroup)
&& rule.apiGroup in ['core', '*'])
)
)
Exclusions: []
- Name: Identify Privileges Escalators - via bind or escalate
Description: |
Capture principals that can escalate privileges through the use of special API verbs 'bind' or 'escalate',
or those that can manipulate resources that govern permissions (ClusterRoles and Roles)
Severity: CRITICAL
Uuid: 022bc6ea-83e2-4dae-9074-b306b38dc58d
Recommendation: |
"Review the policy rules for \'" + (has(subject.namespace) ? subject.namespace +"/" : "") + subject.name + "\' ("+ subject.kind +") by running \'rbac-tool policy-rules -e " + subject.name +"\'" +
"\nYou can visualize the RBAC policy by running \'rbac-tool viz --include-subjects=" + subject.name +"\'"
References:
- https://certitude.consulting/blog/en/kubernetes-rbac-security-pitfalls/
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/
# Analysis expressions are evaluated with array of SubjectPermissions object - see https://github.com/alcideio/rbac-tool/blob/master/pkg/rbac/subject_permissions.go#L11
# Expression syntax can be found here: https://github.com/google/cel-spec/blob/master/doc/intro.md
# In the expression when evaluating rule.resource - use plural form (secrets not secret)
AnalysisExpr: |
subjects.filter(
subject, has(subject.allowedTo) && subject.allowedTo.exists(
rule,
(has(rule.verb) && rule.verb in ['bind', 'create', 'update', 'patch', 'escalate', '*']) &&
(has(rule.resource) && rule.resource in ['clusterroles', 'roles', '*']) &&
(has(rule.apiGroup) && rule.apiGroup in ['rbac.authorization.k8s.io','*'])
)
)
Exclusions: []
- Name: Storage & Data - Manipulate Cluster Shared Resources
Description: Capture principals that can manipulate shared cluster storage resources such as StorageClass, Volumes, VolumeClaims
Severity: HIGH
Uuid: e43fe915-ca58-481d-821b-5481b1d0df02
Recommendation: |
"Review the policy rules for \'" + (has(subject.namespace) ? subject.namespace +"/" : "") + subject.name + "\' ("+ subject.kind +") by running \'rbac-tool policy-rules -e " + subject.name +"\'.\n" +
"You can visualize the RBAC policy by running \'rbac-tool viz --include-subjects=" + subject.name +"\'"
References:
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/
# Analysis expressions are evaluated with array of SubjectPermissions object - see https://github.com/alcideio/rbac-tool/blob/master/pkg/rbac/subject_permissions.go#L11
# Expression syntax can be found here: https://github.com/google/cel-spec/blob/master/doc/intro.md
# In the expression when evaluating rule.resource - use plural form (secrets not secret)
AnalysisExpr: |
subjects.filter(
subject, has(subject.allowedTo) && subject.allowedTo.exists(
rule,
(has(rule.verb) && rule.verb in ['create', 'delete', 'update', 'patch', '*']) &&
(
(
has(rule.resource) && rule.resource in ['persistentvolumeclaims', 'persistentvolumes', '*'] &&
has(rule.apiGroup) && rule.apiGroup in ['core','*']
) ||
(
has(rule.apiGroup) && rule.apiGroup in ['storage.k8s.io','*']
)
)
)
)
Exclusions: []
- Name: Networking - Manipulate Networking and Network Access related resources
Description: |
Capture principals that can manipulate shared cluster networking services such as
Services, Ingresses, NetworkPolicies, Endpoints and EndpointSlices.
Severity: HIGH
Uuid: 24392e04-77dd-4721-8aa8-6fc8f6f7005c
Recommendation: |
"Review the policy rules for \'" + (has(subject.namespace) ? subject.namespace +"/" : "") + subject.name + "\' ("+ subject.kind +") by running \'rbac-tool policy-rules -e " + subject.name +"\'.\n" +
"You can visualize the RBAC policy by running \'rbac-tool viz --include-subjects=" + subject.name +"\'"
References:
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress-controllers/
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/network-policies/
# Analysis expressions are evaluated with array of SubjectPermissions object - see https://github.com/alcideio/rbac-tool/blob/master/pkg/rbac/subject_permissions.go#L11
# Expression syntax can be found here: https://github.com/google/cel-spec/blob/master/doc/intro.md
# In the expression when evaluating rule.resource - use plural form (secrets not secret)
AnalysisExpr: |
subjects.filter(
subject, has(subject.allowedTo) && subject.allowedTo.exists(
rule,
(has(rule.verb) && rule.verb in ['create', 'delete', 'update', 'patch', '*']) &&
(
(
has(rule.resource) && rule.resource in ['networkpolicies', 'ingresses', 'ingressclasses','*'] &&
has(rule.apiGroup) && rule.apiGroup in ['networking.k8s.io', 'extensions', '*']
) ||
(
has(rule.resource) && rule.resource in ['services', 'endpoints', '*'] &&
has(rule.apiGroup) && rule.apiGroup in ['core','*']
) ||
(
has(rule.resource) && rule.resource in ['endpointslices', '*'] &&
has(rule.apiGroup) && rule.apiGroup in ['discovery.k8s.io','*']
)
)
)
)
Exclusions: []
- Name: Networking - Manipulate Gateway API Resources
Description: |
Capture principals that can manipulate shared cluster networking services such as
Gateway Classes, Gateways, HTTPRoutes, TLSRoutes, etc,.
Severity: HIGH
Uuid: 337c205f-7479-4a31-9057-03c6c8d2f80e
Recommendation: |
"Review the policy rules for \'" + (has(subject.namespace) ? subject.namespace +"/" : "") + subject.name + "\' ("+ subject.kind +") by running \'rbac-tool policy-rules -e " + subject.name +"\'.\n" +
"You can visualize the RBAC policy by running \'rbac-tool viz --include-subjects=" + subject.name +"\'"
References:
- https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/
# Analysis expressions are evaluated with array of SubjectPermissions object - see https://github.com/alcideio/rbac-tool/blob/master/pkg/rbac/subject_permissions.go#L11
# Expression syntax can be found here: https://github.com/google/cel-spec/blob/master/doc/intro.md
# In the expression when evaluating rule.resource - use plural form (secrets not secret)
AnalysisExpr: |
subjects.filter(
subject, has(subject.allowedTo) && subject.allowedTo.exists(
rule,
(has(rule.verb) && rule.verb in ['create', 'delete', 'update', 'patch', '*']) &&
(has(rule.resource) && rule.resource in ['gatewayclasses', 'gateways', 'httproutes', 'tcproutes', 'tlsroutes', 'udproutes', '*']) &&
(has(rule.apiGroup) && rule.apiGroup in ['gateway.networking.k8s.io', '*']) )
)
Exclusions: []
- Name: Installing or Modifying Admission Controllers
Description: Capture principals that can install/update Kubernetes admission controllers of any kind
Severity: CRITICAL
Uuid: e08e762e-50d6-4091-a37a-c4dd01d274a9
Recommendation: |
"Review the policy rules for \'" + (has(subject.namespace) ? subject.namespace +"/" : "") + subject.name + "\' ("+ subject.kind +") by running \'rbac-tool policy-rules -e " + subject.name +"\'.\n" +
"You can visualize the RBAC policy by running \'rbac-tool viz --include-subjects=" + subject.name +"\'"
References:
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers/
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/extend-resources/
# Analysis expressions are evaluated with array of SubjectPermissions object - see https://github.com/alcideio/rbac-tool/blob/master/pkg/rbac/subject_permissions.go#L11
# Expression syntax can be found here: https://github.com/google/cel-spec/blob/master/doc/intro.md
# In the expression when evaluating rule.resource - use plural form (secrets not secret)
AnalysisExpr: |
subjects.filter(
subject, has(subject.allowedTo) && subject.allowedTo.exists(
rule,
(has(rule.verb) && rule.verb in ['create', 'update', 'patch', '*']) &&
(
has(rule.resource) && rule.resource in ['mutatingwebhookconfigurations', 'validatingwebhookconfigurations', '*'] &&
has(rule.apiGroup) && rule.apiGroup in ['admissionregistration.k8s.io','*']
)
)
)
Exclusions: []
- Name: Installing or Modifying Cluster Extensions (CRDs)
Description: Capture principals that can install/delete/update Kubernetes Custom Resources
Severity: MEDIUM
Uuid: 773d2782-8d26-4aea-b6dc-719b9072729a
Recommendation: |
"Review the policy rules for \'" + (has(subject.namespace) ? subject.namespace +"/" : "") + subject.name + "\' ("+ subject.kind +") by running \'rbac-tool policy-rules -e " + subject.name +"\'.\n" +
"You can visualize the RBAC policy by running \'rbac-tool viz --include-subjects=" + subject.name +"\'"
References:
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/
# Analysis expressions are evaluated with array of SubjectPermissions object - see https://github.com/alcideio/rbac-tool/blob/master/pkg/rbac/subject_permissions.go#L11
# Expression syntax can be found here: https://github.com/google/cel-spec/blob/master/doc/intro.md
# In the expression when evaluating rule.resource - use plural form (secrets not secret)
AnalysisExpr: |
subjects.filter(
subject, has(subject.allowedTo) && subject.allowedTo.exists(
rule,
(has(rule.verb) && rule.verb in ['create', 'update', 'patch', 'delete', '*']) &&
(
has(rule.resource) && rule.resource in ['customresourcedefinitions', '*'] &&
has(rule.apiGroup) && rule.apiGroup in ['apiextensions.k8s.io','*']
)
)
)
Exclusions: []
- Name: Open Policy Agent (OPA) GateKeeper Administration
Description: Capture principals that have administrative privileges and can manage OPA GateKeeper shared resources resources
Severity: HIGH
Uuid: 9d3d62c2-81a5-439a-bc51-9b74f8124822
Recommendation: |
"Review the policy rules for \'" + (has(subject.namespace) ? subject.namespace +"/" : "") + subject.name + "\' ("+ subject.kind +") by running \'rbac-tool policy-rules -e " + subject.name +"\'.\n" +
"You can visualize the RBAC policy by running \'rbac-tool viz --include-subjects=" + subject.name +"\'"
References:
- https://open-policy-agent.github.io/gatekeeper/website/docs/constrainttemplates
- https://open-policy-agent.github.io/gatekeeper/website/docs/mutation
# Analysis expressions are evaluated with array of SubjectPermissions object - see https://github.com/alcideio/rbac-tool/blob/master/pkg/rbac/subject_permissions.go#L11
# Expression syntax can be found here: https://github.com/google/cel-spec/blob/master/doc/intro.md
# In the expression when evaluating rule.resource - use plural form (secrets not secret)
AnalysisExpr: |
subjects.filter(
subject, has(subject.allowedTo) && subject.allowedTo.exists(
rule,
(has(rule.verb) && rule.verb in ['create', 'update', 'patch', 'delete', '*']) &&
(
has(rule.resource) && rule.resource in ['constrainttemplates', '*'] &&
has(rule.apiGroup) && rule.apiGroup in ['templates.gatekeeper.sh','*']
) ||
(
has(rule.resource) && rule.resource in ['assign', 'assignmetadata', '*'] &&
has(rule.apiGroup) && rule.apiGroup in ['mutations.gatekeeper.sh','*']
) ||
(
has(rule.resource) && rule.resource in ['configs', '*'] &&
has(rule.apiGroup) && rule.apiGroup in ['config.gatekeeper.sh','*']
)
)
)
Exclusions: [] # gatekeeper-system/gatekeeper-admin excluded in global exceptions
- Name: Create Node Proxy
Description: Capture principals with permissions to create node proxies, which provides direct access to Kubelet APIs and can be used for privileges escalation.
Severity: CRITICAL
Uuid: EB43D06A-8534-43EB-8360-117D0AB06808
Recommendation: |
"Review the policy rules for \'" + (has(subject.namespace) ? subject.namespace +"/" : "") + subject.name + "\' ("+ subject.kind +") by running \'rbac-tool policy-rules -e " + subject.name +"\'.\n" +
"You can visualize the RBAC policy by running \'rbac-tool viz --include-subjects=" + subject.name +"\'"
References:
- https://blog.aquasec.com/privilege-escalation-kubernetes-rbac
# Analysis expressions are evaluated with array of SubjectPermissions object - see https://github.com/alcideio/rbac-tool/blob/master/pkg/rbac/subject_permissions.go#L11
# Expression syntax can be found here: https://github.com/google/cel-spec/blob/master/doc/intro.md
# In the expression when evaluating rule.resource - use plural form (secrets not secret)
AnalysisExpr: |
subjects.filter(
subject, has(subject.allowedTo) && subject.allowedTo.exists(
rule,
(has(rule.verb) && rule.verb in ['create', '*']) &&
(has(rule.resource) && rule.resource in ['nodes/proxy', '*']) &&
(has(rule.apiGroup) && rule.apiGroup in ['', '*']) )
)
Exclusions: [] #
- Name: Create Ephemeral Containers in Running Pods
Description: |
Capture principals with permissions to create ephemeral containers in running Pods.
Permissions to create ephemeral container provides the ability to execute code in other pods as well as executing code with excessive process permissions (by setting securityContext field) which can potentially lead to container escape to the hosting node.
Severity: HIGH
Uuid: D43B8BDC-B0D3-4FFA-B320-95F516B514B3
Recommendation: |
"Review the policy rules for \'" + (has(subject.namespace) ? subject.namespace +"/" : "") + subject.name + "\' ("+ subject.kind +") by running \'rbac-tool policy-rules -e " + subject.name +"\'.\n" +
"You can visualize the RBAC policy by running \'rbac-tool viz --include-subjects=" + subject.name +"\'"
References:
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/ephemeral-containers/
# Analysis expressions are evaluated with array of SubjectPermissions object - see https://github.com/alcideio/rbac-tool/blob/master/pkg/rbac/subject_permissions.go#L11
# Expression syntax can be found here: https://github.com/google/cel-spec/blob/master/doc/intro.md
# In the expression when evaluating rule.resource - use plural form (secrets not secret)
AnalysisExpr: |
subjects.filter(
subject, has(subject.allowedTo) && subject.allowedTo.exists(
rule,
(has(rule.verb) && rule.verb in ['patch', 'update', '*']) &&
(has(rule.resource) && rule.resource in ['pods/ephemeralcontainers', '*']) &&
(has(rule.apiGroup) && rule.apiGroup in ['', '*']) )
)
Exclusions: []
- Name: Exec into Pod
Description: |
Capture principals with permissions to exec into running Pods.
Principals with such permissions can execute code in privileged pods, or execute code in pod running in privileged namespace, are likely to yield additional privileges escalation.
Severity: HIGH
Uuid: 9755128A-C1B4-410B-B163-09165E9F14EF
Recommendation: |
"Review the policy rules for \'" + (has(subject.namespace) ? subject.namespace +"/" : "") + subject.name + "\' ("+ subject.kind +") by running \'rbac-tool policy-rules -e " + subject.name +"\'.\n" +
"You can visualize the RBAC policy by running \'rbac-tool viz --include-subjects=" + subject.name +"\'"
References:
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug/debug-application/get-shell-running-container/
# Analysis expressions are evaluated with array of SubjectPermissions object - see https://github.com/alcideio/rbac-tool/blob/master/pkg/rbac/subject_permissions.go#L11
# Expression syntax can be found here: https://github.com/google/cel-spec/blob/master/doc/intro.md
# In the expression when evaluating rule.resource - use plural form (secrets not secret)
AnalysisExpr: |
subjects.filter(
subject, has(subject.allowedTo) && subject.allowedTo.exists(
rule,
(has(rule.verb) && rule.verb in ['create', '*']) &&
(has(rule.resource) && rule.resource in ['pods/exec', '*']) &&
(has(rule.apiGroup) && rule.apiGroup in ['', '*']) )
)
Exclusions: []
- Name: Kyverno Administration
Description: Capture principals that have administrative privileges and can manage Kyverno shared resources resources
Severity: HIGH
Uuid: 7f9a4ef2-535b-4e44-897c-90a94ae9c985
Recommendation: |
"Review the policy rules for \'" + (has(subject.namespace) ? subject.namespace +"/" : "") + subject.name + "\' ("+ subject.kind +") by running \'rbac-tool policy-rules -e " + subject.name +"\'.\n" +
"You can visualize the RBAC policy by running \'rbac-tool viz --include-subjects=" + subject.name +"\'"
References:
- https://kyverno.io/docs/
# Analysis expressions are evaluated with array of SubjectPermissions object - see https://github.com/alcideio/rbac-tool/blob/master/pkg/rbac/subject_permissions.go#L11
# Expression syntax can be found here: https://github.com/google/cel-spec/blob/master/doc/intro.md
# In the expression when evaluating rule.resource - use plural form (secrets not secret)
AnalysisExpr: |
subjects.filter(
subject, has(subject.allowedTo) && subject.allowedTo.exists(
rule,
(has(rule.verb) && rule.verb in ['create', 'update', 'patch', 'delete', '*']) &&
(
has(rule.resource) && rule.resource in ['clusterpolicies', 'policies', '*'] &&
has(rule.apiGroup) && rule.apiGroup in ['kyverno.io','*']
)
)
)
Exclusions: []
- Name: Installing or Modifying Kubernetes Admission Policies
Description: Capture principals that can install/update Kubernetes Admission Policies of any kind
Severity: HIGH
Uuid: e3fbfb0f-2f3b-4c30-ada4-50bbe73f421e
Recommendation: |
"Review the policy rules for \'" + (has(subject.namespace) ? subject.namespace +"/" : "") + subject.name + "\' ("+ subject.kind +") by running \'rbac-tool policy-rules -e " + subject.name +"\'.\n" +
"You can visualize the RBAC policy by running \'rbac-tool viz --include-subjects=" + subject.name +"\'"
References:
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/validating-admission-policy/
# Analysis expressions are evaluated with array of SubjectPermissions object - see https://github.com/alcideio/rbac-tool/blob/master/pkg/rbac/subject_permissions.go#L11
# Expression syntax can be found here: https://github.com/google/cel-spec/blob/master/doc/intro.md
# In the expression when evaluating rule.resource - use plural form (secrets not secret)
AnalysisExpr: |
subjects.filter(
subject, has(subject.allowedTo) && subject.allowedTo.exists(
rule,
(has(rule.verb) && rule.verb in ['create', 'update', 'patch', '*']) &&
(
has(rule.resource) && rule.resource in ['validatingadmissionpolicies', 'validatingadmissionpolicybindings', '*'] &&
has(rule.apiGroup) && rule.apiGroup in ['admissionregistration.k8s.io','*']
)
)
)
Exclusions: []