diff --git a/gradle/libs.versions.toml b/gradle/libs.versions.toml
index ea763446..089b274d 100644
--- a/gradle/libs.versions.toml
+++ b/gradle/libs.versions.toml
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 [versions]
-kotlin = "1.9.20"
+kotlin = "1.9.21"
 
 [libraries]
 mordant = "com.github.ajalt.mordant:mordant:2.2.0"
 
 # used in tests
-kotest =  "io.kotest:kotest-assertions-core:5.7.2"
+kotest =  "io.kotest:kotest-assertions-core:5.8.0"
 systemrules = "com.github.stefanbirkner:system-rules:1.19.0"
-jimfs = "com.google.jimfs:jimfs:1.2"
+jimfs = "com.google.jimfs:jimfs:1.3.0"
 
 # used in samples
-kodein = "org.kodein.di:kodein-di-generic-jvm:5.2.0"
-kotlinx-serialization = "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-json:1.5.1"
+kodein = "org.kodein.di:kodein-di-generic-jvm:6.5.5"
+kotlinx-serialization = "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-json:1.6.2"
 
 [plugins]
 dokka = "org.jetbrains.dokka:1.9.10"
diff --git a/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar
index 7f93135c..d64cd491 100644
Binary files a/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar and b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar differ
diff --git a/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
index ac72c34e..1af9e093 100644
--- a/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
+++ b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 distributionPath=wrapper/dists
-distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.3-bin.zip
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.5-bin.zip
 networkTimeout=10000
 validateDistributionUrl=true
 zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
diff --git a/gradlew b/gradlew
index 0adc8e1a..1aa94a42 100755
--- a/gradlew
+++ b/gradlew
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ if ! "$cygwin" && ! "$darwin" && ! "$nonstop" ; then
     case $MAX_FD in #(
       max*)
         # In POSIX sh, ulimit -H is undefined. That's why the result is checked to see if it worked.
-        # shellcheck disable=SC3045
+        # shellcheck disable=SC2039,SC3045
         MAX_FD=$( ulimit -H -n ) ||
             warn "Could not query maximum file descriptor limit"
     esac
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ if ! "$cygwin" && ! "$darwin" && ! "$nonstop" ; then
       '' | soft) :;; #(
       *)
         # In POSIX sh, ulimit -n is undefined. That's why the result is checked to see if it worked.
-        # shellcheck disable=SC3045
+        # shellcheck disable=SC2039,SC3045
         ulimit -n "$MAX_FD" ||
             warn "Could not set maximum file descriptor limit to $MAX_FD"
     esac
@@ -202,11 +202,11 @@ fi
 # Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script.
 DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS='"-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"'
 
-# Collect all arguments for the java command;
-#   * $DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, $JAVA_OPTS, and $GRADLE_OPTS can contain fragments of
-#     shell script including quotes and variable substitutions, so put them in
-#     double quotes to make sure that they get re-expanded; and
-#   * put everything else in single quotes, so that it's not re-expanded.
+# Collect all arguments for the java command:
+#   * DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS, and optsEnvironmentVar are not allowed to contain shell fragments,
+#     and any embedded shellness will be escaped.
+#   * For example: A user cannot expect ${Hostname} to be expanded, as it is an environment variable and will be
+#     treated as '${Hostname}' itself on the command line.
 
 set -- \
         "-Dorg.gradle.appname=$APP_BASE_NAME" \