diff --git a/example-plugin/src/flake8_example_plugin/__init__.py b/example-plugin/src/flake8_example_plugin/__init__.py
index 47851da6..8de9c4d4 100644
--- a/example-plugin/src/flake8_example_plugin/__init__.py
+++ b/example-plugin/src/flake8_example_plugin/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Module for an example Flake8 plugin."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from .off_by_default import ExampleTwo
diff --git a/example-plugin/src/flake8_example_plugin/off_by_default.py b/example-plugin/src/flake8_example_plugin/off_by_default.py
index d140ca1d..56e781f1 100644
--- a/example-plugin/src/flake8_example_plugin/off_by_default.py
+++ b/example-plugin/src/flake8_example_plugin/off_by_default.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Our first example plugin."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 
diff --git a/example-plugin/src/flake8_example_plugin/on_by_default.py b/example-plugin/src/flake8_example_plugin/on_by_default.py
index d2da1268..8f5c8189 100644
--- a/example-plugin/src/flake8_example_plugin/on_by_default.py
+++ b/example-plugin/src/flake8_example_plugin/on_by_default.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Our first example plugin."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 253a22ee..548a6d8a 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Packaging logic for Flake8."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
diff --git a/src/flake8/__init__.py b/src/flake8/__init__.py
index ea7a56de..2e5409cd 100644
--- a/src/flake8/__init__.py
+++ b/src/flake8/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 .. autofunction:: flake8.configure_logging
 
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
diff --git a/src/flake8/__main__.py b/src/flake8/__main__.py
index 8f7e7c9d..d318d666 100644
--- a/src/flake8/__main__.py
+++ b/src/flake8/__main__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Module allowing for ``python -m flake8 ...``."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from flake8.main.cli import main
diff --git a/src/flake8/api/__init__.py b/src/flake8/api/__init__.py
index c5f9711a..7993de6a 100644
--- a/src/flake8/api/__init__.py
+++ b/src/flake8/api/__init__.py
@@ -3,4 +3,5 @@
 This is the only submodule in Flake8 with a guaranteed stable API. All other
 submodules are considered internal only and are subject to change.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
diff --git a/src/flake8/api/legacy.py b/src/flake8/api/legacy.py
index 446df293..b94a771d 100644
--- a/src/flake8/api/legacy.py
+++ b/src/flake8/api/legacy.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 Previously, users would import :func:`get_style_guide` from ``flake8.engine``.
 In 3.0 we no longer have an "engine" module but we maintain the API from it.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
diff --git a/src/flake8/checker.py b/src/flake8/checker.py
index 329a2cc3..aa82aeba 100644
--- a/src/flake8/checker.py
+++ b/src/flake8/checker.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Checker Manager and Checker classes."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
diff --git a/src/flake8/defaults.py b/src/flake8/defaults.py
index 57abda11..d895c54f 100644
--- a/src/flake8/defaults.py
+++ b/src/flake8/defaults.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Constants that define defaults."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
diff --git a/src/flake8/discover_files.py b/src/flake8/discover_files.py
index 580d5fdf..36d2388b 100644
--- a/src/flake8/discover_files.py
+++ b/src/flake8/discover_files.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Functions related to discovering paths."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
diff --git a/src/flake8/exceptions.py b/src/flake8/exceptions.py
index 18646e7e..533923e0 100644
--- a/src/flake8/exceptions.py
+++ b/src/flake8/exceptions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Exception classes for all of Flake8."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 
diff --git a/src/flake8/formatting/__init__.py b/src/flake8/formatting/__init__.py
index 732d0b61..f6bae560 100644
--- a/src/flake8/formatting/__init__.py
+++ b/src/flake8/formatting/__init__.py
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 """Submodule containing the default formatters for Flake8."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
diff --git a/src/flake8/formatting/_windows_color.py b/src/flake8/formatting/_windows_color.py
index a06fdb94..6ee96ba8 100644
--- a/src/flake8/formatting/_windows_color.py
+++ b/src/flake8/formatting/_windows_color.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 See: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit/blob/cb40e96/pre_commit/color.py
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import sys
diff --git a/src/flake8/formatting/base.py b/src/flake8/formatting/base.py
index d986d651..257f4b78 100644
--- a/src/flake8/formatting/base.py
+++ b/src/flake8/formatting/base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """The base class and interface for all formatting plugins."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
diff --git a/src/flake8/formatting/default.py b/src/flake8/formatting/default.py
index b5d08ff0..4386476c 100644
--- a/src/flake8/formatting/default.py
+++ b/src/flake8/formatting/default.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Default formatting class for Flake8."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from flake8.formatting import base
diff --git a/src/flake8/main/__init__.py b/src/flake8/main/__init__.py
index 85bcff42..55528b00 100644
--- a/src/flake8/main/__init__.py
+++ b/src/flake8/main/__init__.py
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 """Module containing the logic for the Flake8 entry-points."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
diff --git a/src/flake8/main/application.py b/src/flake8/main/application.py
index b6bfae37..df454ab8 100644
--- a/src/flake8/main/application.py
+++ b/src/flake8/main/application.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Module containing the application logic for Flake8."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
diff --git a/src/flake8/main/cli.py b/src/flake8/main/cli.py
index 01a67ac9..0f335762 100644
--- a/src/flake8/main/cli.py
+++ b/src/flake8/main/cli.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Command-line implementation of flake8."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import sys
diff --git a/src/flake8/main/debug.py b/src/flake8/main/debug.py
index c3a8b0b7..389523d3 100644
--- a/src/flake8/main/debug.py
+++ b/src/flake8/main/debug.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Module containing the logic for our debugging logic."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import platform
diff --git a/src/flake8/main/options.py b/src/flake8/main/options.py
index 9d57321b..80c02a3d 100644
--- a/src/flake8/main/options.py
+++ b/src/flake8/main/options.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Contains the logic for all of the default options for Flake8."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
diff --git a/src/flake8/options/__init__.py b/src/flake8/options/__init__.py
index 3578223b..b98a2e7b 100644
--- a/src/flake8/options/__init__.py
+++ b/src/flake8/options/__init__.py
@@ -10,4 +10,5 @@
   to aggregate configuration into one object used by plugins and Flake8.
 
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
diff --git a/src/flake8/options/aggregator.py b/src/flake8/options/aggregator.py
index af8e7449..b621fe19 100644
--- a/src/flake8/options/aggregator.py
+++ b/src/flake8/options/aggregator.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 This holds the logic that uses the collected and merged config files and
 applies the user-specified command-line configuration on top of it.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
diff --git a/src/flake8/options/config.py b/src/flake8/options/config.py
index b51949c2..73d33fbb 100644
--- a/src/flake8/options/config.py
+++ b/src/flake8/options/config.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Config handling logic for Flake8."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import configparser
diff --git a/src/flake8/options/manager.py b/src/flake8/options/manager.py
index 4fd26b29..f945eff7 100644
--- a/src/flake8/options/manager.py
+++ b/src/flake8/options/manager.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Option handling and Option management logic."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
diff --git a/src/flake8/options/parse_args.py b/src/flake8/options/parse_args.py
index e3f8795f..ec4637b0 100644
--- a/src/flake8/options/parse_args.py
+++ b/src/flake8/options/parse_args.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Procedure for parsing args, config, loading plugins."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
diff --git a/src/flake8/plugins/__init__.py b/src/flake8/plugins/__init__.py
index b5403133..da6b43da 100644
--- a/src/flake8/plugins/__init__.py
+++ b/src/flake8/plugins/__init__.py
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 """Submodule of built-in plugins and plugin managers."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
diff --git a/src/flake8/plugins/finder.py b/src/flake8/plugins/finder.py
index 380ec3ac..9e084202 100644
--- a/src/flake8/plugins/finder.py
+++ b/src/flake8/plugins/finder.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Functions related to finding and loading plugins."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import configparser
diff --git a/src/flake8/plugins/pycodestyle.py b/src/flake8/plugins/pycodestyle.py
index 9e1d2bbb..62124a21 100644
--- a/src/flake8/plugins/pycodestyle.py
+++ b/src/flake8/plugins/pycodestyle.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Generated using ./bin/gen-pycodestyle-plugin."""
+
 # fmt: off
 from __future__ import annotations
 
diff --git a/src/flake8/plugins/pyflakes.py b/src/flake8/plugins/pyflakes.py
index 6c576191..19c87440 100644
--- a/src/flake8/plugins/pyflakes.py
+++ b/src/flake8/plugins/pyflakes.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Plugin built-in to Flake8 to treat pyflakes as a plugin."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
diff --git a/src/flake8/plugins/reporter.py b/src/flake8/plugins/reporter.py
index a5749c03..75db99f4 100644
--- a/src/flake8/plugins/reporter.py
+++ b/src/flake8/plugins/reporter.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Functions for constructing the requested report plugin."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
diff --git a/src/flake8/processor.py b/src/flake8/processor.py
index 21a25e0f..b24f40c0 100644
--- a/src/flake8/processor.py
+++ b/src/flake8/processor.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Module containing our file processor that tokenizes a file for checks."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
diff --git a/src/flake8/statistics.py b/src/flake8/statistics.py
index a33e6a64..ceaeedbc 100644
--- a/src/flake8/statistics.py
+++ b/src/flake8/statistics.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Statistic collection logic for Flake8."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Generator
diff --git a/src/flake8/style_guide.py b/src/flake8/style_guide.py
index a4094840..cd794ba4 100644
--- a/src/flake8/style_guide.py
+++ b/src/flake8/style_guide.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Implementation of the StyleGuide used by Flake8."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
diff --git a/src/flake8/utils.py b/src/flake8/utils.py
index afc3896d..21d3ed5a 100644
--- a/src/flake8/utils.py
+++ b/src/flake8/utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Utility methods for flake8."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import fnmatch as _fnmatch
diff --git a/src/flake8/violation.py b/src/flake8/violation.py
index 96161d4e..b907ea8c 100644
--- a/src/flake8/violation.py
+++ b/src/flake8/violation.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Contains the Violation error class used internally."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import functools
diff --git a/tests/__init__.py b/tests/__init__.py
index ee1f2a01..fc6434e4 100644
--- a/tests/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/__init__.py
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 """This is here because mypy doesn't understand PEP 420."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index ac413fbb..40b6c6a5 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test configuration for py.test."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import sys
diff --git a/tests/integration/subdir/aplugin.py b/tests/integration/subdir/aplugin.py
index 97b06a90..11450a9d 100644
--- a/tests/integration/subdir/aplugin.py
+++ b/tests/integration/subdir/aplugin.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Module that is off sys.path by default, for testing local-plugin-paths."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_aggregator.py b/tests/integration/test_aggregator.py
index 006ac5fa..a8f5f188 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_aggregator.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_aggregator.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test aggregation of config files and command-line options."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_api_legacy.py b/tests/integration/test_api_legacy.py
index b386bd5d..d30fb4a9 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_api_legacy.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_api_legacy.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Integration tests for the legacy api."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from flake8.api import legacy
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_checker.py b/tests/integration/test_checker.py
index a585f5ac..2da53a83 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_checker.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_checker.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Integration tests for the checker submodule."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import importlib.metadata
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_main.py b/tests/integration/test_main.py
index 68b93cb3..6fa1741d 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_main.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_main.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Integration tests for the main entrypoint of flake8."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import json
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_plugins.py b/tests/integration/test_plugins.py
index d4c22b0b..275cb1bd 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_plugins.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_plugins.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Integration tests for plugin loading."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import pytest
diff --git a/tests/unit/conftest.py b/tests/unit/conftest.py
index 0f8386a4..a1e58adf 100644
--- a/tests/unit/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/unit/conftest.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Shared fixtures between unit tests."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_application.py b/tests/unit/test_application.py
index 04147ec8..f0a37966 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_application.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_application.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the Application class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_base_formatter.py b/tests/unit/test_base_formatter.py
index 5b573352..b7d259e2 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_base_formatter.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_base_formatter.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the BaseFormatter object."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_checker_manager.py b/tests/unit/test_checker_manager.py
index 68dd82aa..a501422d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_checker_manager.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_checker_manager.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the Manager object for FileCheckers."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import errno
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_decision_engine.py b/tests/unit/test_decision_engine.py
index d543d5ec..95ec1ea3 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_decision_engine.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_decision_engine.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the flake8.style_guide.DecisionEngine class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_exceptions.py b/tests/unit/test_exceptions.py
index 99b298bc..6998c04d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_exceptions.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_exceptions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the flake8.exceptions module."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import pickle
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_file_checker.py b/tests/unit/test_file_checker.py
index 627a9361..30983829 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_file_checker.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_file_checker.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Unit tests for the FileChecker class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_file_processor.py b/tests/unit/test_file_processor.py
index a90c6284..b6efc1f0 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_file_processor.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_file_processor.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the FileProcessor class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import ast
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_filenameonly_formatter.py b/tests/unit/test_filenameonly_formatter.py
index 77f75b94..2ccf23f7 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_filenameonly_formatter.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_filenameonly_formatter.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the FilenameOnly formatter object."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_legacy_api.py b/tests/unit/test_legacy_api.py
index c6af6301..aa408103 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_legacy_api.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_legacy_api.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for Flake8's legacy API."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from unittest import mock
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_nothing_formatter.py b/tests/unit/test_nothing_formatter.py
index 76929fd7..b6c6e23d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_nothing_formatter.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_nothing_formatter.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the Nothing formatter obbject."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_option.py b/tests/unit/test_option.py
index 4b3070dc..8e008b7d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_option.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_option.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Unit tests for flake8.options.manager.Option."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import functools
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_option_manager.py b/tests/unit/test_option_manager.py
index 92266f3a..87a76ff5 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_option_manager.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_option_manager.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Unit tests for flake.options.manager.OptionManager."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_pyflakes_codes.py b/tests/unit/test_pyflakes_codes.py
index 444008a2..f9bca9b9 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_pyflakes_codes.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_pyflakes_codes.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests of pyflakes monkey patches."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import ast
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_statistics.py b/tests/unit/test_statistics.py
index 261f360e..9f606664 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_statistics.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_statistics.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the statistics module in Flake8."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import pytest
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_style_guide.py b/tests/unit/test_style_guide.py
index 94fcb260..c8eae3d6 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_style_guide.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_style_guide.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the flake8.style_guide.StyleGuide class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_utils.py b/tests/unit/test_utils.py
index 82eef63e..773b7c9d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_utils.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for flake8's utils module."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import io
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_violation.py b/tests/unit/test_violation.py
index 1b4852be..d7f0b4be 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_violation.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_violation.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the flake8.violation.Violation class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from unittest import mock