List of my frequent Lin ux terminl commands (updating every two days)
Its like a bible lmao)
I think in near future I write a small book for Linux like "A bit about Linux in many ways !"
Hint
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| Command | Description |
|---|
!$ last argument (напр mkdir ss/sdf)
!! previous comand
Super+Space change language keyboard
ls show files and folders
ls -l -a -l beauty -a all files
ls -F -F show folders and files with "/"
touch create file
cd previous path
cat output file
vim change file
htop about system
ps what running
mkdir (-p) create dir, p-if that dir isnt found, create !
rmdir remove dir
rm -R remove not empty dir
mv rename or move
wc word count
wc file.txt -l/w show lines or words in file
grep "[A-Za-z]*stas" -E ./* example, find ...s/Stas in this folder
sort sort to symbols without change
sort -n sort by names
cut -d ">" -f 3 file.txt divorse each column on end ">" and output only third lines in file.txt
cut -d ">" -f 3 countries.txt | sort -n example of sorting
find find file
find /home -name "file*.txt"
grep <-i> <word> <file/path> find in folders or files, 'i' = ignore case count Aa
grep -E "@[A-Za-z]*.com" file.txt find certain fraze in file
grep "[A-Za-z0-9]*@gmail.com" emails.txt example, find all email in end @gmail.com
[A-Z] [a-z] [0-9] @ _ - .
curl <URL> parsing for sites, give text from URL
curl https://www.kali.org/ showing html code
curl -s https://hackware.ru/ show code without statistic
curl -A <URL> site didnt know that u use console app with curl
curl --compressed https://www.kali.org/ without binary trash
curl -s https://hackware.ru/ | grep "extra" good sample
If you also have trash, try change charset:
For ex. when u put this:
curl http://z-oleg.com/
You see this:
And u should look what charset set in HTML in tag
Use iconv:
curl http://z-oleg.com/ | iconv -f windows-1251 -t UTF-8 right charset translate
ln links (like shortcut)
ln -s /home/Desktop/Dir link to folder
ln /home/Desktop/file.txt create duplicate of file
date show date (with args)
date +"%H:%M" 11:32, certain cut date
whoami what user
id which groups u consist
id root show id root
last who enter in pc
who who now use pc
w what all users do
su change user
fiind find but not use, search for files in a directory hierarchy
whereis locate main place, locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command
which locate a command
locate <app>/plocate <app> where is program locate, find files by name, quickly
fakeroot fake root in kali
sudo apt search search packages for install
> >> clear and rewrite/just write at the end
2> catch errors
grep cats animals/* 2> errors.txt find strings with word 'cats' in all files in folder 'animals' and errors write in 'errors.txt' file
grep aqua colors/* > good.txt 2> nogood.txt write noerrors msg in 'good.txt' and errors msg in nogood.txt
/dev/null always empty folder, like 'black hole')
2>> add errors in file, like '>>'
&> catch errors and noerrors messages (because if you write '>' saving only noerrors messages)
bg show background process
fg return to background
top task manager
htop new task manager
ps list of procces
ps -aux show all in all
ps -ax
ps -aux | grep manifast find strings with this word
kill <signal> kill process, find signal from 'ps -aux'
kill -9 2763
kill -KILL 2763
kill -9/KILL % kill last process
kill %2 point to second task
<command> & & - needed for start task into background
updatedb &
jobs show tasks list in background
hostname ur nick
hostnamectl show vresion (check the Kernel version and CPU architecture)
lsb_release -a check the release version, description, and operating system codename
uname -a shows the current kernel and OS information
sudo adduser id -un libvirt add user for qemu
ping using for test connection and avalible of server
ping -c yandex.ru test only 3 times and get right info
sudo date -s "$(wget --method=HEAD -qSO- --max-redirect=0 google.com 2>&1 | sed -n 's/^ *Date: *//p')" set date
install packages in Debian:
sudo dpkg -i <path>
sudo dpkg -i quickhash_3.3.1-1_amd64.deb
Check for supporting vm:
LC_ALL=C lscpu | grep Virtualization
Time:
sudo ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Tashkent /etc/localtime
nmcli d wifi connect <name> password <password> ifname wlan0 connect wifi
nmtui Network Manager TUI
/etc/network/interfaces
text:
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.226/24
gateway 192.168.0.1
Set to default if u have problems with connetion like (ping, browser etc.)
In /etc/network/interfaces u must make like this:
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
#iface eth0 inet static
#address 193.168.0.224/24
#gateway 192.168.0.1
iface eth0 inet dhcp
systemctl restart NetworkManager.service restart connections
In the Terminal:
Move:
стрелки moving cursor
Shift + стрелки list terminal
Shift + PageUp/PageDown list with spacees
Ctrl + PageUp/PageDown switch bookmarks
Ctrl + Shift + PageUp/PageDown moving bookmarks
Close:
Ctrl + D end of file input
Ctrl + C close (kill), OC send signal 'SIGINT'
Ctrl + / close too, OC send signal 'SIGQUIT'
Ctrl + Z sleep
Ctrl + S pause output
Ctrl + Q resume output
/var/log logs
sudo dmesg log of Linux core
/etc/passwd system accaunts
/etc/shadow all shifered passwords
/etc/group all users groups (f.e how can use sudo)
cat > file.txt << ENDL
'>' its write in end ENDL its special word witch means end of line (random word)printf "text" > file.txt
useradd -m add user (with home directory)
userdel -r delete user (with home)
/etc/skel templete of home directory
passwd change password for user
groupadd create group in /etc/group
groupdel delete group
usermod -aG add user to group
deluser delete user from group
tar using without "-"
tar cvf <name.tar> <folder> create archive (c - create, v - view, f - must be in end)
tar cvf data.tar dataBig/
tar xvf <name.tar> extract archive (x - unzip)
tar xvf data.tar
tar -C <path> -xvf <file> extract to considered folder (C - path)
tar -C home/ -xvf data.tar
tar tf <name.tar> view what in tar (t - test)
Compressing one file, (for example compress one big tar)
-
gzip .gz
gzip <tar file/or 1 big file>zip
gzip myData.tar
gunzipunzip -
bzip2 .bz2 - best
bzip2 <file>zip
bzip2 myData.tar
bunzip2 <file>unzip -
xz .xz
xz <file>zip
xz myData.tar
unxz <file>unzip -
zip
zip -r <file.zip> <folder>zip folder (r - recorsvely) with beauti adding zip -r data.zip bigData/unzip <file.zip>unzip unzip data.zip
All in 1 command:
tar - can make compression too
Archiving and compression:
tar cvzf <file.gz> <folder> to .gz (z - create gzip)
tar cvjf <file.bz2> <folder> to .bz2 (j - create bzip2)
tar cvJf <file.xz> <folder> to .xz (J - create xz)
Uncompression archving tar:
tar xvf <file.bz/.bz2/xz> Uncompression archving .bz
tar xvf myData.bz2
gcc file.c -o file compiling output for C file
g++ file.c -o file compiling uutput for C++ file
make file gcc file.c -o file
./file run file
Hot to compile and run c/c++ file. In default gcc can be installed on your system if not ->
sudo apt-get install build-essential manpages-dev
``
Create file, edit it and save like .c or .cpp
For c:
cc program.c -o program
For c++
gcc program.c -o program
or universal:
make program.c
How to run:
./program or /home/Desktop/program
(not necessary)
Generate symbolic information for gdb and warning messages
c:
cc -g -Wall input.c -o executable
c++:
g++ -g -Wall input.C -o executable
Compile a C program that uses math functions
c:
cc myth1.c -o executable -lm
Compile a C++ program that uses Xlib graphics functions
c++:
g++ fireworks.C -o executable -lX11
Compile a program with multiple source files
c:
cc light.c sky.c fireworks.c -o executable
c++:
g++ ac.C bc.C file3.C -o my-program-name
var="string" create valuable
read like "cin»var", write in value
var=$1/2 AKA Argument, ./file $1
daytoday=$(date +"%D") example of pasting output command
^ Its Ctrl
^A ^E go to start or end
^R finding commands
^U clear what written on left
^M new line
^Shift+V paste text
^Shift+Insert paste text too :D
^h show hidden files
^: open vim command line
! extra ... !q extra quit
w save
q quit
:%s/WORD/REPLEACEWORD/g find and replace (g - all)
ESC NORMAL mode
i INSERT mode
v VISUAL mode
h j k l left down up right
a INSERT after 1 letter
A INSERT in end of line
o new line in down and INSERT
O new line in up and INSERT
gg go to start of file
G go to end of file
w go to 10 word ahead
/ find word (down from cursor)</br
? find word (up from cursor)
in VISUAL mode:
y copy text
x cut text
p paste text
d delete
dd delete line
5dd - delete 5 lines
dw delete word
u like ^Z (back)
cw delete all to right in word (change word)
C delete all to right
q start to listen what you do
q stop listen
@ do macros
10@mac - do ten times
sudo vim ~/.vimrc
sudo vim .config/nvim/init.vim
sudo apt install neovim -y install
sh -c 'curl -fLo "${XDG_DATA_HOME:-$HOME/.local/share}"/nvim/site/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim' write this in directory ~/.config/nvim
nvim start
Create config folder:
cd ~/.config/
mkdir nvim
nvim nvim/init.vim config
and paste config here
sudo apt install git
:PlugInstall write this in nvim command cmd
https://vimawesome.com/ set plugins here
Setting nvim:
in options.txt file
:h <what find> find in all setting in nvim
:h 'guicursor'> or u can type :h guic<tab>
:set <parametr>=<value>
:set guicursor=
tldr is a small tool that provides concise, easy-to-read summaries of information from man guides.
The Debian man command does not have the same format as Archcraft Linux.
On Debian, the man command displays man manuals in text format.
In Archcraft Linux, the man command displays man pages in HTML format.
To get the same look as in Archcraft Linux, you can use the tldr program.
The tldr program provides concise, easy-to-read summaries of information
from man manuals in HTML format. To install the tldr program, you can run the
following command in a terminal:
sudo apt install tldr
It very useful for people like me because show many of examples with all arguments and options like this.
For example you forget something in nmap or dirb programm and it easly show you all examples,
ether you waste time of searching in browser.
apt is a packet manager in Debian
func:
apt install
apt remove
apt search
sudo apt update -y $$ sudo apt upgrade -y full update Linux
-y without ask
packeges:
sudo apt install ./deb_file install .deb files
Install & Execute BIN files:
chmod + x <filename>
./<filename>
Pacman is a packet manager in Arch
Funcions:
sudo pacman -S <name of packet> install
sudo pacman -Ss <name of packet> search
sudo pacman -R <name of packet> remove
sudo pacman -R <name of packet> remove expact config (dependencies)
sudo pacman -Rns <name of packet> remove with all config dependencies
sudo pacman -Syu update Linux
sudo su
sudo -i
1
sudo chown <file/folder>
2 (for all users)
sudo su
chown -v <file/folder>
3 (most use). from -rwxrwxrwx to -rw-rw-r—, make your script executable
sudo chmod +x
make a double connection
create directory(folder) (auto amount, permanent)
turn on CD Tools:
if it didnt open automaticly, go to
cd /media/user/VBox_GAs_6.1.34/VBox_GAs_6.1.34/
./autorun.sh
sudo apt update
sudo apt install update
in terminal:
sudo usermod -a -G vboxsf <user name> create rights
sudo apt-get install gcc make perl dnt know but must paste
Linux version:
uname -r
6.1.0-kali9-amd64
cat /proc/version
Linux version 6.1.0-kali9-amd64 ([email protected]) (gcc-12 (Debian 12.2.0-14) 12.2.0,
GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Debian) 2.40) #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Debian 6.1.27-1kali1 (2023-05-12)
lsb_release -r
Update Debian/Kali:
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y && sudo reboot -f
/etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib deb-src http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
apt-get update address update, update software source data.
apt-get upgrade software update, update all installed software.
apt-get dist-upgrade system update, replace the system version.
apt-get clean Clean up garbage, delete all downloaded packages.
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "[email protected]"
sudo tasksel select startup enviroments
sudo apt install kali-defaults kali-root-login desktop-base kde-plasma-desktop
Paths:
/etc/bash.bashrc
/root/.bashrc
Path:
/.zshrc
-> <-
GRUB (GNU GRUB - GRand Unified Bootloader) is default OS bootloader wich have quite good configuration.
sudo nvim /etc/default/grub config of GRUB
If you write changes you must reload GRUB
sudo update-grub
Delete unuseful dependencies(зависимостей):
sudo apt autoremove
sed -i 's/prompt_symbol=㉿/prompt_symbol=💻/' ~/.zshrc for user
sed -i 's/prompt_symbol=㉿/prompt_symbol=💀/' ~/.zshrc for root
Kali Linux use the Qterminal like main terminal emulator and more like byouye and xfce4-terminal
if you press tab in the name that was, it will add itself
ls -l && echo "Stas" if one fails, the next too
ls -l; echo "Stas" add many commands
truncate -s 0 file clear file
| column -t convenient to display in columns (удобно вывести по колонкам)
sudo rm -R / Kill Linux
fakeroot fakeroot
Ctrl + Alt + стрелки switch desktop
Ctrl + h replacement (замена) backspace
Alt + WhellUp/Down loop
U can install only needed programs from different system like:
sudo apt install gnome-calculator or
sudo apt install xfce4-terminal
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