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02-css.md

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CSS
Doing it in style
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Learning Objectives {.objectives}

  • Change the appearance of different HTML elements
  • Create new classes in a CSS file
  • Apply these classes to different HTML elements

The heading has a certain look. This look (or style) includes the color, position, font size, as well as many other attributes.

We can change the appearance of our text in different ways. A quick way is to simply mention what we want our element to look like when we create it by setting the "style" attribute. If we want to change the color, for example, we write:

<h1 style="color:blue">This is a blue heading</h1>

Changing the font size:

<h1 style="font-size: 80px">This is a big heading</h1>

If we want to change two things at the same time, we just mention all of them at once:

<h1 style="font-size: 80px; color: blue">This is a big, blue heading</h1>

This is a quick and simple way to change the appearance of elements on the spot. However, if we want to create different elements of the same type, we have to do a lot of typing, and our file will quickly become confusing and hard to maintain.

If we want to change the look of many elements at the same time, we can instead create a style file (extension .css).

Create a CSS File

Make a new file and call it styles.css.

In this file, we can define classes, that we can then apply to one or more of our elements in the HTML file.

Let's create a class called center-red that we want to apply to different elements on our page.

.center-red
{
	color: red;
	font-size: 50px;
	text-align: center;
}

All that's left to do, is to tell the HTML file where to find our new CSS file. This is done by linking to it in the head:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
	</head>

In the body, we can use the class that we just created:

	<body>
    <h1><em>The Wealth & Health of Nations</em></h1>

		<div class="center-red"> First line </div>
		<div> some text </div>
		<div class="center-red"> And another line </div>
	</body>
</html>

Your turn: Create and use your own class {.challenge}

  1. Create a class below the heading called description and a <div> element with text that has this class.
  2. Make the text dark gray with a custom smaller font size.
  3. Change the font face to something else, like Open Sans. You can use Google Fonts to link a font of your choice, and then use the font-family CSS property.

Hint: In order to embed Google Fonts, you need to select one font type, click on "Use this font" on the top right, and then re-expand the sliding panel on the bottom to get to the embed code.