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<p><strong>标题:Partial Transfer Learning with Selective Adversarial Networks</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>清华大学龙明盛团队 2018 年发表在计算机视觉顶级会议 CVPR 上的文章提出了一个选择性迁移网络 (Partial Transfer Learning)。作者认为,在大数据时代,通常我们会有大量的源域数据。这些源域数据比目标域数据,在类别上通常都是丰富的。比如基于 ImageNet训练的图像分类器,必然是针对几千个类别进行的分类。我们实际用的时候,目标域往往只是其中的一部分类别。这样就会带来一个问题:那些只存在于源域中的类别在迁移时,会对迁移结果产生负迁移影响。</p>
<p>这种情况通常来说是非常普遍的。因此,就要求相应的迁移学习方法能够对目标域,选择相似的源域样本 (类别),同时也要避免负迁移。但是目标域通常是没有标签的,不知道和源域中哪个类别更相似。作者指出这个问题叫做 partial transfer learning。这个 partial,就是只迁移源域中那部分和目标域相关的样本。下图展示了部分迁移学习的思想。</p>
<figure><figcaption>image-20230418192557331</figcaption></figure>
<p>作者提出了一个叫做 Selective Adversarial Networks (SAN) [Cao et al., 2017] 的方法来处理 partial transfer 问题。在 partial 问题中,传统的对抗网络不再适用。所以就需要对进行一些修改,使得它能够适用于 partial 问题。因为不知道目标域的标签,也就没办法知道到底是源域中哪些类是目标域的。为了达到这个目的,作者对目标域按照类别分组,把原来的一整个判别器分成了<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">∣</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.1514em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.0715em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord">∣</span></span></span></span>个:<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.1322em;vertical-align:-0.2831em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">G</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8491em;"><span style="top:-2.4169em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">d</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2831em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>,每一个子判别器都对它所在的第 <em>k</em> 个类进行判别。作者观察到了这样的事实:对于每个数据点<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">X</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3117em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.0785em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>来说,分类器的预测结果<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9386em;vertical-align:-0.2441em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.6944em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span></span><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.1944em;"><span class="mord">^</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.1944em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2175em;"><span style="top:-2.4559em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2441em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>其实是对于整个类别空间的一个概率分布。因此,在进行对抗时,需要考虑每个样本属于每个类别的影响。这个影响就是由概率来刻画。所以作者提出了一个概率权重的判别器:</p>
<p class="katex-block"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.0489em;vertical-align:-0.247em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">L</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8019em;"><span style="top:-2.453em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:3.3631em;vertical-align:-1.4021em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.3214em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.1514em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">s</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2806em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">t</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.836em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mop op-limits"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.961em;"><span style="top:-1.8479em;margin-left:0em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.05em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span><span class="mrel mtight">=</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.05em;"></span><span><span class="mop op-symbol large-op">∑</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.386em;margin-left:0em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.05em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">∣</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">c</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.1645em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.0714em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">s</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mtight">∣</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.3021em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mop op-limits"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.05em;"><span style="top:-1.8537em;margin-left:0em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.05em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathbf mtight">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3448em;"><span style="top:-2.3488em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.0714em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathbf mtight">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.1512em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mrel mtight">∈</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathbf mtight">D</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.1745em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.0714em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathbf mtight">s</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mbin mtight">+</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathbf mtight">D</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3105em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.0714em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathbf mtight">t</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.05em;"></span><span><span class="mop op-symbol large-op">∑</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.4021em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.6944em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span></span><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.1944em;"><span class="mord">^</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.1944em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8991em;"><span style="top:-2.453em;margin-left:-0.0359em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathcal">L</span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8991em;"><span style="top:-2.453em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen"><span class="delimsizing size1">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">G</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8991em;"><span style="top:-2.453em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">d</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen"><span class="delimsizing size1">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">G</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3361em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2861em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3117em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mclose"><span class="delimsizing size1">)</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">Q</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3117em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="delimsizing size1">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
</blockquote></div><hr class="hr"><div class="page-info"><span class="page-author-info" aria-label="Author🖊" data-balloon-pos="down"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon author-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="author icon"><path d="M649.6 633.6c86.4-48 147.2-144 147.2-249.6 0-160-128-288-288-288s-288 128-288 288c0 108.8 57.6 201.6 147.2 249.6-121.6 48-214.4 153.6-240 288-3.2 9.6 0 19.2 6.4 25.6 3.2 9.6 12.8 12.8 22.4 12.8h704c9.6 0 19.2-3.2 25.6-12.8 6.4-6.4 9.6-16 6.4-25.6-25.6-134.4-121.6-240-243.2-288z"></path></svg><span><span class="page-author-item">Huahuatii</span></span><span property="author" content="Huahuatii"></span></span><!----><span class="page-date-info" aria-label="Writing Date📅" data-balloon-pos="down"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon calendar-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="calendar icon"><path d="M716.4 110.137c0-18.753-14.72-33.473-33.472-33.473-18.753 0-33.473 14.72-33.473 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<p><strong>标题:{Interpretable bilinear attention network with domain adaptation improves drug–target prediction}</strong></p>
<h2> 1 亮点</h2>
<h2> 2 模型示意图</h2>
<h2> 3 实验内容</h2>
<h2> 4 方法</h2>
<h2> 5 代码</h2>
</div><hr class="hr"><div class="page-info"><span class="page-author-info" aria-label="Author🖊" data-balloon-pos="down"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon author-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="author icon"><path d="M649.6 633.6c86.4-48 147.2-144 147.2-249.6 0-160-128-288-288-288s-288 128-288 288c0 108.8 57.6 201.6 147.2 249.6-121.6 48-214.4 153.6-240 288-3.2 9.6 0 19.2 6.4 25.6 3.2 9.6 12.8 12.8 22.4 12.8h704c9.6 0 19.2-3.2 25.6-12.8 6.4-6.4 9.6-16 6.4-25.6-25.6-134.4-121.6-240-243.2-288z"></path></svg><span><span class="page-author-item">Huahuatii</span></span><span property="author" content="Huahuatii"></span></span><!----><span class="page-date-info" aria-label="Writing Date📅" data-balloon-pos="down"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon calendar-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="calendar icon"><path d="M716.4 110.137c0-18.753-14.72-33.473-33.472-33.473-18.753 0-33.473 14.72-33.473 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<h3> 1.1 范数定义</h3>
<ol>
<li>
<p><strong><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">L</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3011em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>范数</strong>(<u>0范数</u>)</p>
<p class="katex-block"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">∣∣</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mord">∣</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">∣</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3011em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6833em;"></span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">非</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">元素个数</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">L</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3011em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>范数</strong>(<u>和范数</u>或<u>1范数</u>)</p>
<p class="katex-block"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.0497em;vertical-align:-0.2997em;"></span><span class="minner"><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em;">∣</span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em;">∣</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em;">∣</span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em;">∣</span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.1514em;"><span style="top:-2.4003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2997em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.9291em;vertical-align:-1.2777em;"></span><span class="mop op-limits"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.6514em;"><span style="top:-1.8723em;margin-left:0em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.05em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span><span class="mrel mtight">=</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.05em;"></span><span><span class="mop op-symbol large-op">∑</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.3em;margin-left:0em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.05em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">m</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.2777em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em;">∣</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3117em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em;">∣</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em;">∣</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3011em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em;">∣</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.4445em;"></span><span class="mord">⋅</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">⋅</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6667em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord">⋅</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em;">∣</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.1514em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">m</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em;">∣</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">L</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3011em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>范数</strong>(<u><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mord mathnormal">u</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span></span></span></span>范数</u>或 <u><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">F</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ro</span><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ni</span><span class="mord mathnormal">u</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span></span></span></span>范数</u>,<mark><em><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">L</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3011em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>范数是使用最为广泛的范数</em></mark>)</p>
<p class="katex-block"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">∣∣</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mord">∣</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">∣</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3011em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.1141em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">∣</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3011em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">∣</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.4445em;"></span><span class="mord">⋅</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">⋅</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6667em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord">⋅</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.254em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">∣</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.1514em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">m</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">∣</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.004em;"><span style="top:-3.413em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter sizing reset-size3 size6"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8443em;"><span style="top:-2.656em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.2255em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line mtight" style="border-bottom-width:0.049em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.384em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.344em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter sizing reset-size3 size6"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">L</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.1514em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">∞</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>范数</strong>(<u>极大范数</u>)</p>
</li>
</ol></div><hr class="hr"><div class="page-info"><span class="page-author-info" aria-label="Author🖊" data-balloon-pos="down"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon author-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="author icon"><path d="M649.6 633.6c86.4-48 147.2-144 147.2-249.6 0-160-128-288-288-288s-288 128-288 288c0 108.8 57.6 201.6 147.2 249.6-121.6 48-214.4 153.6-240 288-3.2 9.6 0 19.2 6.4 25.6 3.2 9.6 12.8 12.8 22.4 12.8h704c9.6 0 19.2-3.2 25.6-12.8 6.4-6.4 9.6-16 6.4-25.6-25.6-134.4-121.6-240-243.2-288z"></path></svg><span><span class="page-author-item">Huahuatii</span></span><span property="author" content="Huahuatii"></span></span><!----><span class="page-date-info" aria-label="Writing Date📅" data-balloon-pos="down"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon calendar-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="calendar icon"><path d="M716.4 110.137c0-18.753-14.72-33.473-33.472-33.473-18.753 0-33.473 14.72-33.473 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<p>标题:A context-aware deconfounding autoencoder for robust prediction of personalized clinical drug response from cell-line compound screening**</p>
<h2> 1 亮点</h2>
<ol>
<li>CODE-AE既可提取不同样本间的<mark>共享生物信号</mark>,也可以提取它们特有的<mark>私有生物信号</mark>,从而分离出数据模式之间的混杂因素;</li>
<li>CODE-AE通过将药物反应信号与混杂因素分离,进而实现局部对齐(大多方法只能实现在全局上的对齐)。</li>
</ol></div><hr class="hr"><div class="page-info"><span class="page-author-info" aria-label="Author🖊" data-balloon-pos="down"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon author-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="author icon"><path d="M649.6 633.6c86.4-48 147.2-144 147.2-249.6 0-160-128-288-288-288s-288 128-288 288c0 108.8 57.6 201.6 147.2 249.6-121.6 48-214.4 153.6-240 288-3.2 9.6 0 19.2 6.4 25.6 3.2 9.6 12.8 12.8 22.4 12.8h704c9.6 0 19.2-3.2 25.6-12.8 6.4-6.4 9.6-16 6.4-25.6-25.6-134.4-121.6-240-243.2-288z"></path></svg><span><span class="page-author-item">Huahuatii</span></span><span property="author" content="Huahuatii"></span></span><!----><span class="page-date-info" aria-label="Writing Date📅" data-balloon-pos="down"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon calendar-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="calendar icon"><path d="M716.4 110.137c0-18.753-14.72-33.473-33.472-33.473-18.753 0-33.473 14.72-33.473 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18.548s-18.548-8.304-18.548-18.548V623.635c0-20.388-16.746-36.974-37.33-36.974H624.13c-20.585 0-37.331 16.747-37.331 37.33v222.086c0 20.585 16.654 37.331 37.126 37.331H730.22c10.243 0 18.547 8.304 18.547 18.547 0 10.244-8.304 18.547-18.547 18.547z"></path></svg><span class="page-category-item category5 clickable" role="navigation">文献阅读</span><meta property="articleSection" content="文献阅读"></span><span class="page-tag-info" aria-label="Tag🏷" data-balloon-pos="down"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon tag-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="tag icon"><path d="M939.902 458.563L910.17 144.567c-1.507-16.272-14.465-29.13-30.737-30.737L565.438 84.098h-.402c-3.215 0-5.726 1.005-7.634 2.913l-470.39 470.39a10.004 10.004 0 000 14.164l365.423 365.424c1.909 1.908 4.42 2.913 7.132 2.913s5.223-1.005 7.132-2.913l470.39-470.39c2.01-2.11 3.014-5.023 2.813-8.036zm-240.067-72.121c-35.458 0-64.286-28.828-64.286-64.286s28.828-64.285 64.286-64.285 64.286 28.828 64.286 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<p>搭建Auto-Encoder模型的时候,选择了更加结构化的搭建模式:</p>
<ol>
<li>搭建base_ae:这一步用来确定一个ae模型的基本结构会有哪些(其中有部分未必会用到)</li>
</ol>
<h2> 1 搭建base_AE模型</h2>
<ul>
<li>初始化</li>
<li>编码函数</li>
<li>解码函数</li>
<li>采样函数</li>
<li>生成函数</li>
<li>前向传播(抽象方法)</li>
<li>损失函数(抽象方法)</li>
</ul>
<div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token string">'base_ae.py'</span>
<span class="token keyword">from</span> torch <span class="token keyword">import</span> nn
<span class="token keyword">from</span> abc <span class="token keyword">import</span> abstractmethod <span class="token comment"># 定义抽象方法</span>
<span class="token keyword">from</span> typing <span class="token keyword">import</span> TypeVar <span class="token comment"># 定义数据类新的接口</span>
<span class="token keyword">from</span> typing <span class="token keyword">import</span> List<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Any
Tensor <span class="token operator">=</span> TypeVar<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'torch.tensor'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 定义泛型变量,表示一个 PyTorch 的 tensor</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">BaseAE</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Module<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">__init__</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># 初始化神经网络模型的各个组件</span>
<span class="token builtin">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>BaseAE<span class="token punctuation">,</span> self<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>__init__<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">input</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> Tensor<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> List<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Tensor<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># 定义一个编码过程</span>
<span class="token keyword">raise</span> NotImplementedError
<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">input</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> Tensor<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> List<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Tensor<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># 定义一个解码过程</span>
<span class="token keyword">raise</span> NotImplementedError
<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">sample</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">,</span> batch_size<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current_device<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">**</span>kwargs<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> Tensor<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># 定义一个采样方法</span>
<span class="token keyword">raise</span> RuntimeWarning<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">,</span> x<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Tensor<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">**</span>kwargs<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> Tensor<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># 定义一个生成方法</span>
<span class="token keyword">raise</span> NotImplementedError
<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">initialize_weights</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># 定义初始化权重方法</span>
<span class="token keyword">raise</span> NotImplementedError
<span class="token decorator annotation punctuation">@abstractmethod</span> <span class="token comment"># 装饰器,声明下面的方法为抽象方法</span>
<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">forward</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>inputs<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Tensor<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> Tensor<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># 定义前向传播过程</span>
<span class="token keyword">pass</span>
<span class="token decorator annotation punctuation">@abstractmethod</span>
<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">loss_function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>inputs<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Any<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">**</span>kwargs<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> Tensor<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># 定义损失函数</span>
<span class="token keyword">pass</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div 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74.425-74.424h222.085c41.038 0 74.424 33.226 74.424 74.067v114.233c0 10.244-8.304 18.548-18.547 18.548s-18.548-8.304-18.548-18.548V623.635c0-20.388-16.746-36.974-37.33-36.974H624.13c-20.585 0-37.331 16.747-37.331 37.33v222.086c0 20.585 16.654 37.331 37.126 37.331H730.22c10.243 0 18.547 8.304 18.547 18.547 0 10.244-8.304 18.547-18.547 18.547z"></path></svg><span class="page-category-item category0 clickable" role="navigation">深度学习</span><span class="page-category-item category8 clickable" role="navigation">搭建模型</span><meta property="articleSection" content="深度学习,搭建模型"></span><span class="page-tag-info" aria-label="Tag🏷" data-balloon-pos="down"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon tag-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="tag icon"><path d="M939.902 458.563L910.17 144.567c-1.507-16.272-14.465-29.13-30.737-30.737L565.438 84.098h-.402c-3.215 0-5.726 1.005-7.634 2.913l-470.39 470.39a10.004 10.004 0 000 14.164l365.423 365.424c1.909 1.908 4.42 2.913 7.132 2.913s5.223-1.005 7.132-2.913l470.39-470.39c2.01-2.11 3.014-5.023 2.813-8.036zm-240.067-72.121c-35.458 0-64.286-28.828-64.286-64.286s28.828-64.285 64.286-64.285 64.286 28.828 64.286 64.285-28.829 64.286-64.286 64.286z"></path></svg><span class="page-tag-item tag1 clickable" role="navigation">Deep Learning</span><span class="page-tag-item tag7 clickable" role="navigation">Model Practice</span><span class="page-tag-item tag0 clickable" role="navigation">MLP</span><meta property="keywords" content="Deep Learning,Model Practice,MLP"></span></div></article></div><div class="article-item"><article class="article" vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="Article"><!----><a href="/posts/Python%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Argparse%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97.html" class=""><header class="title"><!----><!----><span property="headline">Argparse模块</span><!----></header></a><div class="article-excerpt"><h1> Argparse</h1>
<h2> 1 示例</h2>
<div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> argparse <span class="token comment">#导入argparse模块</span>
parser <span class="token operator">=</span> argparse<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ArgumentParser<span class="token punctuation">(</span>description<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'argparse learning'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 创建解析器</span>
parser<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_argument<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'--integers'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">type</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> default<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">help</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'input an integer'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 添加参数</span>
args <span class="token operator">=</span> parser<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parse_args<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 解析参数</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>args<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></div><hr class="hr"><div class="page-info"><span class="page-author-info" aria-label="Author🖊" data-balloon-pos="down"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon author-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="author icon"><path d="M649.6 633.6c86.4-48 147.2-144 147.2-249.6 0-160-128-288-288-288s-288 128-288 288c0 108.8 57.6 201.6 147.2 249.6-121.6 48-214.4 153.6-240 288-3.2 9.6 0 19.2 6.4 25.6 3.2 9.6 12.8 12.8 22.4 12.8h704c9.6 0 19.2-3.2 25.6-12.8 6.4-6.4 9.6-16 6.4-25.6-25.6-134.4-121.6-240-243.2-288z"></path></svg><span><span class="page-author-item">Huahuatii</span></span><span property="author" content="Huahuatii"></span></span><!----><span class="page-date-info" 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<p><code>np.random.shuffle()</code>:改变原始数组的顺序,使得数组中的元素随机打乱,从而实现随机采样等操作。</p>
<details class="hint-container details"><summary>np.random.shffle()</summary>
<div class="language-python line-numbers-mode" data-ext="py"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> numpy <span class="token keyword">as</span> np
<span class="token comment"># 创建一个一维数组</span>
a <span class="token operator">=</span> np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>array<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># 将数组中的元素随机排列</span>
np<span class="token punctuation">.</span>random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>shuffle<span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># 打印排列后的数组</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></details></div><hr class="hr"><div class="page-info"><span class="page-author-info" aria-label="Author🖊" data-balloon-pos="down"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon author-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="author icon"><path d="M649.6 633.6c86.4-48 147.2-144 147.2-249.6 0-160-128-288-288-288s-288 128-288 288c0 108.8 57.6 201.6 147.2 249.6-121.6 48-214.4 153.6-240 288-3.2 9.6 0 19.2 6.4 25.6 3.2 9.6 12.8 12.8 22.4 12.8h704c9.6 0 19.2-3.2 25.6-12.8 6.4-6.4 9.6-16 6.4-25.6-25.6-134.4-121.6-240-243.2-288z"></path></svg><span><span 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Loss Function分类</h1>
<h2> 1 均方误差(Mean Squared Error, MSE)</h2>
<p><em>MSE(均方误差)损失是机器学习中使用的数学函数,用于衡量预测输出与真实输出之间的平均平方差。它通常用作回归问题的损失函数,目标是预测连续的目标变量。</em></p>
<h5> 定义:</h5>
<p><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6833em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">MSE</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.1901em;vertical-align:-0.345em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8451em;"><span style="top:-2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">n</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mop"><span class="mop op-symbol small-op" style="position:relative;top:0em;">∑</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8043em;"><span style="top:-2.4003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span><span class="mrel mtight">=</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.2029em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2997em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3117em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.0641em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.6944em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span></span><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.2222em;"><span class="mord">^</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3117em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p></div><hr class="hr"><div class="page-info"><span class="page-author-info" aria-label="Author🖊" data-balloon-pos="down"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon author-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="author icon"><path d="M649.6 633.6c86.4-48 147.2-144 147.2-249.6 0-160-128-288-288-288s-288 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class="sticky-article-wrapper"><div class="title"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon article-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="article icon"><path d="M853.333 938.667H170.667A42.667 42.667 0 0 1 128 896V128a42.667 42.667 0 0 1 42.667-42.667h682.666A42.667 42.667 0 0 1 896 128v768a42.667 42.667 0 0 1-42.667 42.667zm-42.666-85.334V170.667H213.333v682.666h597.334zM298.667 256h170.666v170.667H298.667V256zm0 256h426.666v85.333H298.667V512zm0 170.667h426.666V768H298.667v-85.333zm256-384h170.666V384H554.667v-85.333z"></path></svg><span class="num">23</span>Articles</div><hr><ul class="sticky-article-list"><li class="sticky-article"><a href="/demo/page.html" class="">Page Config</a></li></ul></div></div></aside></div><div class="theme-hope-content"><p>This is a blog home page demo.</p><p>To use this layout, you should set both <code>layout: BlogHome</code> and <code>home: true</code> in the page front matter.</p><p>For related configuration docs, please see <a href="https://theme-hope.vuejs.press/guide/blog/home/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog homepage<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p></div></div><!--]--><footer class="footer-wrapper"><div class="footer">customize your footer text</div><div class="copyright">Copyright © 2023 Huahuatii</div></footer></div><!--]--><!----><!--]--></div>
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